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Okay.
this is Discrete Optimization.

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Mail Bag week 9, so this is the last time
we are taping.

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Okay?

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we are happy, as you can imagine, I mean
this went

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really well, we are really excited by what
you guys did.

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And so what we're going to do today is
basically summarize a bunch of things.

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look at a lot of the data that we have on
the submission log on the survey.

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And we're going to talk about assignments,
we're

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going to talk about the various
optimization topics.

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Which one you like?
Which one dislike?

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I mean you like the all, right?

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and then the student body hold you know,
what will be happen in the class.

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we were lot of graphs, we're going to go
through them reasonably quickly.

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this is the certificate that you know, a
curve showing you

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the, the progression of the grace and the
certificate at the end.

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I think I want to give you the context, so
I've

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been teaching you an optimization class
for about 15 years.

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Over these 15 years I have probably
graduated you know, 450 people.

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And now we can look at what we have done
in the last nine weeks.

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Okay?

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So in the last not, nine weeks,
essentially, there has being

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you know, about 2000 people who completed
you know, the knapsack assignment.

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That's point A over there, right?
So, all of these people, okay?

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So 790, you know, about 800 okay, which is

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about 42% of this people okay 42% got a
certificate at the end okay.

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So 800 compared to 450 you know, wow,
okay, nine weeks, okay.

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So I should be resting for the next 15
years essentially.

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Actually 30 years.

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Okay.
And so certificate with distinction.

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This is amazing as well, alright?

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So we have you know, 378 so that's 48% of
this certificate.

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So 48% of the certificate have
distinction.

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So that for us really amazing.

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You guys did an amazing job.

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So this is curve you know, what we are

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looking at every night when we are
depressed, okay.

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this is the participation per assignment.

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You have seen them a lot during the mail
bags nothing very new here.

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You know, you can look at the VRP stuff,
VRP stuff

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we would lost a couple of people, but very
few okay.

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So essentially you know, this was very

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stable once people actually succeeded
doing Knapsack.

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And then after coloring we essentially
kept almost everybody.

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this is a very interesting curve Okay.

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So, so, you know, one of the things we did

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here is dump the whole material at the
beginning for you.

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You could do all the, you could watch, you
could watch all video, you

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could watch assignments at anytime you
know,

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and also do the assignment at any time.

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And this is essentially trying to tell you
what

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people have done with respect to the
assignment over time.

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Okay?

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So, there is a color for every one of the
assignments.

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by now you probably know that I'm color
blind,

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so I don't, I don't really know these
colors.

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But I think knapsack is, if I remember
correctly, the yellow

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you know, draft coloring is blue, TSP
should be something like orange.

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Warehouse location, green.

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And then the c are, the,

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the, the VRP is black.

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So if you think of a reason to like, like
this.

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Okay?
So what you see is this nice shift.

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Okay?

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People after, after, after sometime, after
a couple,

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after every week they would start a new
assignment.

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And this is you know, to be expected.

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That's what the you know, the assignments
were laid out for.

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But what you are also seeing this is on
this side of this graph.

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And which is really interesting.
Right?

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Is that people kept working on the
assignments.

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Okay?

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They kept working

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on coloring until the very end.

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They kept working on warehouse else
location.

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They kept working on the TSP until the
very end.

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And this is amazing.

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This is one of the things that we wanted
to do.

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Right?

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Once you know more, you can go back to an

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assignment and improve it, and this
actually happened in the class.

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And so, we, this is kind of validation for
us.

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Dumping the whole material at the
beginning

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of the class was a good decision.

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this is more information about this, so
what you see here

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is essentially what students did.

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What tip, you know, the, the, the overall
class

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did as far as, as the transition between
the assignment.

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Okay?

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So typically they would start at one.
Right?

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So this is the knapsack.

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Then they would move to coloring, they
would move to TSP.

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They would move to warehouse location.

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And then the VRP g/.

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Okay?

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So you expect this kind of linear, linear
model in a sense.

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And the expectation here you know, this,
this, this,

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the thickness of the line that you see
there

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is one.
One student, right?

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So, so, essentially that's what we
expected that the

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students here would move, you know, for
these things.

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What you can see is that of course, you
know, these lines here are thicker.

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Okay?

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Which basically means that people you
know,

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you know, made these transitions more than
once.

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Okay?

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You also see that they went back a lot of
times to the other assignments.

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Okay?

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Not, not as many times as they went
forward obviously,

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but people came back and, and, and
reconsidered the assignment

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many times.

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You see that particular, this is
particularly heavy here for

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essentially the transition between VRP and
the traveling salesman problem.

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Because I'm used to these two things, I'm
more connected.

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So people probably learn more things on
the VRP.

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They went back and proved the, the TSP and
so on.

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Okay?
very interesting things here happening.

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Okay?

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And once again, this is basically telling
you that this open nature.

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The fact that you reconsider the
assignments once you know more

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about the technology.

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You know, is actually very useful for
getting

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better grades, for helping you understand
the material.

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Okay?

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So this is nice for us.

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I mean, this means that we will continue
doing things like this.

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assignment difficulty, you see the various
assignments here, and the difficulty.

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No, no, no, no real surprise, maybe one
that I will mention here.

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But essentially all the assignments are
hard or very hard.

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You know, some of them are intermediate
for some people.

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Knapsack is actually easy.

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Okay?
Wish, once again was what we expected.

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One of the big surprise for us is that
most of

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the assignments seems to have a very
similar degree of difficulty.

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And we were not expecting that.
Okay?

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So for instance, we were expecting, I was

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actually really expecting that VRP would
be a killer.

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Okay?
And it was not.

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Which basically means that people learn.

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And there was a very nice discussion on
the forum.

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Just expressing the fact that people learn
a lot of things when they

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came to VRP.

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And therefore the code of the VRP was
actually must smaller than the

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[UNKNOWN]

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of core, the, the, the, the code of, of
the TSP.

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So very interesting for us.

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Okay?

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I was expecting you know, VRP to be really
difficult and in a sense, you

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know, most of the students that learn the
material, and it was not that difficult.

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Okay?

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Which is great because, one, the VRP is,
the VRP assignment

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was as close as we could to a real life
problem.

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Okay?

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So, very nice.

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As, you know, assignment techniques for
people using practice.

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Once again,

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no big surprise for us.

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You know, a lot of people use primarily
you know, heuristic local search.

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This is to be expected.

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We would like, you know, the constraint
programming

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part and the MIP part to actually move up.

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So we need to think about how to move that
for the next version of the

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class, shows that people have you know,
broader

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use of all the techniques in the
assignment.

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Okay?

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So that's for us, you know, to find, you
know, we need to find a way to do that.

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but, but I think overall this is what

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we expected.

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we were expected for instance that there
would

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be more people doing MIP on the warehouse
location.

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What you see there, is a lot of people
using constraint parameter

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for the graph, for graph coloring, that
was to be expected as well.

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We expected that.

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We expected the MIP column to be higher in
some of these assignments.

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this area optim optimization topics that
you like and how much you like them.

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Once again here, you know, pretty it's
very nice.

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Okay?

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Because it's mostly very consistent across
the various topic.

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One other thing that, you know, is very
surprising to me is

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that a lot of people love the look and
search lecture a lot.

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so this is a surprise, because typically,
this is a tough topic to, to teach.

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There are a lot of other, you know, the

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nature of this topics is sometimes a
little bit anarchy.

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Cannot be presented cohesively.

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We spend a lot of time trying to design
the lecture on this.

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And so, this is kind of nice to see that
actually

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people really love those lectures.
So, good.

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Excellent for us.
participation over time.

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So, this is typically what you see on the
MOOC.

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Right?

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So, you start with a large number and that
number

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[SOUND]

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decreased.

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And so that, that's, this is something
that you

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see, but we have a lot more information
here.

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Right?

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So you see that a lot of the students who

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were actually disappeared were students
that were really auditing the class.

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You know, people were actually were very
active.

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That means okay, I'm going to do the
assignments, right?

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So you see that the decrease here was very
low.

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About you know, we basically have a
retention from, you

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know, the, after the knapsack to the end
of about 40%

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which is quite nice for a very large scale
classes like this.

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Okay?

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once again, when you see these things that
are decreasing at the

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end, you know, these are no, not
necessarily a real decrease here.

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Alright?

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Because some people they finished early,
and therefore, you know, it's

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all obviously normal that fewer people are
working at the very end.

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Okay?

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So some people had finished really, really
early in the class.

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You obviously don't see them working at
the very end.

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So, once again, this is something that we

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are you know, very happy.

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00:08:39,660 --> 00:08:41,991
You guys did an amazing job sticking with
the

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class and we know that this was hard work.

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Right?

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00:08:45,138 --> 00:08:49,090
and, and we had warned you about this.
this is also very interesting.

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See this.

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This is the participation of the survey.
A lot of people took the first survey.

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But, then, you know, there was a big drop
to the mid-class survey.

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But, now look, you know, the final survey
is almost at the same height.

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And, this is very nice.

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That means that, you know, from the, you
know, from, you know, the, the people who

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00:09:03,726 --> 00:09:06,950
were really active, you know, kept being
active until the very end.

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00:09:06,950 --> 00:09:08,390
Very, very nice for us.

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00:09:08,390 --> 00:09:09,070
Okay?

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Now this is your goal and this is amazing.
Right?

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00:09:11,110 --> 00:09:13,820
So you get the expectation and actually
you met them.

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Right?

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00:09:14,310 --> 00:09:16,700
Half of you said all we want a
certificate.

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Half of you said you know we want a
certificate for distinction,

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and look you know this is what we had at
the end, essentially.

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These numbers really match the
certificates that we are actually

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00:09:25,705 --> 00:09:28,530
we, we are actually awarded at the end of
the class.

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So beautiful,

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00:09:29,089 --> 00:09:30,850
you guys, you know, you knew what you
wanted.

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00:09:30,850 --> 00:09:32,060
You got what you wanted.

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00:09:32,060 --> 00:09:32,460
Okay?

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Almost, right?
There are some exceptions, but very few.

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00:09:35,500 --> 00:09:37,940
Right?
So this is nice, very nice as well.

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You guys did a great job.

243
00:09:39,340 --> 00:09:42,230
Class difficulty, we told you it was hard
and it was hard.

244
00:09:42,230 --> 00:09:44,320
Right?
So we were very transparent.

245
00:09:44,320 --> 00:09:45,832
A couple of people thinks it's too hard, a

246
00:09:45,832 --> 00:09:47,830
couple of people think this is really too
easy.

247
00:09:47,830 --> 00:09:49,470
Yeah, to be expected again.

248
00:09:49,470 --> 00:09:49,930
Right?

249
00:09:49,930 --> 00:09:52,690
But this is, the class is hard, and that's
what we wanted to do.

250
00:09:52,690 --> 00:09:54,310
Okay?
We told you we didn't water

251
00:09:54,310 --> 00:09:56,530
down the topic, the, the, the material,

252
00:09:56,530 --> 00:09:58,939
and you know, we expected essentially
this.

253
00:10:00,050 --> 00:10:01,535
This is the workload, and I want to talk a

254
00:10:01,535 --> 00:10:03,530
little bit about this, this is amazing as
well.

255
00:10:03,530 --> 00:10:04,220
Okay?

256
00:10:04,220 --> 00:10:07,026
So essentially you know, if we add,
continue this you

257
00:10:07,026 --> 00:10:10,690
know, essentially this would, this would
have been a nice Gaussian.

258
00:10:10,690 --> 00:10:10,960
Right?

259
00:10:10,960 --> 00:10:13,583
So but we stop after 20 hours, we just
don't

260
00:10:13,583 --> 00:10:16,735
want to know that somebody actually worked
50 hours a week.

261
00:10:16,735 --> 00:10:17,660
Okay?

262
00:10:17,660 --> 00:10:19,527
But, anyway.
So, this is a nice Gaussian

263
00:10:19,527 --> 00:10:23,628
class Gaussian curve for the, the workload
of the class.

264
00:10:23,628 --> 00:10:25,226
and there are two more things that, that

265
00:10:25,226 --> 00:10:27,270
I want to say about this, one, three more
things.

266
00:10:27,270 --> 00:10:31,690
So, one is that most MOOC are in this, in
this space.

267
00:10:31,690 --> 00:10:34,370
That, you know, people spend less than 5
hours on the MOOC.

268
00:10:34,370 --> 00:10:38,082
So, here the average, it should be around,
you know, 10 to 15 hours,

269
00:10:38,082 --> 00:10:41,960
which is typically a class in a high
quality you know, university you know?

270
00:10:41,960 --> 00:10:45,100
And, and so this is what you would spend
in those, in those settings.

271
00:10:45,100 --> 00:10:47,190
So once again, we didn't water the
material

272
00:10:47,190 --> 00:10:49,445
and you guys essentially spent the same
amount of

273
00:10:49,445 --> 00:10:51,260
time that you know, people at top, top

274
00:10:51,260 --> 00:10:54,190
level institution taking a class like this
would do.

275
00:10:54,190 --> 00:10:55,150
So this is nice.

276
00:10:55,150 --> 00:10:56,830
Obviously, what we need to do.

277
00:10:56,830 --> 00:10:57,140
Okay?

278
00:10:57,140 --> 00:11:00,503
And this is work for us, is try to
decrease a little bit the people who

279
00:11:00,503 --> 00:11:04,840
are at the top you know, at the, at the,
at the right side of this curve.

280
00:11:04,840 --> 00:11:07,492
Probably what we need to do is you know,
give some of the people

281
00:11:07,492 --> 00:11:10,297
who are on that side more support for the
tools that they can use and

282
00:11:10,297 --> 00:11:11,800
things like this.
Okay?

283
00:11:11,800 --> 00:11:14,940
And this is one of the primary goal on the
next version of the class.

284
00:11:14,940 --> 00:11:16,722
Now the other things that I wanted to say

285
00:11:16,722 --> 00:11:18,828
about this curve is that any of you who
actually

286
00:11:18,828 --> 00:11:22,810
spent less than an hour a week should give
me a phone call, we have a job for you.

287
00:11:22,810 --> 00:11:23,535
Okay?

288
00:11:23,535 --> 00:11:26,340
amount of learning.
Okay?

289
00:11:26,340 --> 00:11:29,994
So this is once again, you know, the fact
that we are almost all on the

290
00:11:29,994 --> 00:11:33,900
right here is great, so you know, a lot of
people, you know learn a lot.

291
00:11:33,900 --> 00:11:35,668
Some people learn a huge amount

292
00:11:35,668 --> 00:11:37,930
of material, this is nice.
Okay?

293
00:11:37,930 --> 00:11:40,008
So good feedback for us once again.

294
00:11:40,008 --> 00:11:43,308
overall experience Once again, this is
nice, especially given

295
00:11:43,308 --> 00:11:46,500
the diversity of background that we have
in this class.

296
00:11:46,500 --> 00:11:49,740
The fact that you know, this is really on
this side of this there will always be all

297
00:11:49,740 --> 00:11:51,810
those people who, you know, don't like the
material

298
00:11:51,810 --> 00:11:53,850
or don't like this teaching style and so
on.

299
00:11:53,850 --> 00:11:55,546
But what you see here is most people got

300
00:11:55,546 --> 00:11:58,090
you know, got a good experience in this
class.

301
00:11:58,090 --> 00:12:00,693
And this is the typical ratio in a sense.
Except that

302
00:12:00,693 --> 00:12:03,130
there is a bo, a little bit more diversity
here.

303
00:12:03,130 --> 00:12:04,928
This is a typical ratio that we got for

304
00:12:04,928 --> 00:12:07,570
the class you know, the campus, the campus
class.

305
00:12:07,570 --> 00:12:11,150
This is almost the same kind of graph.
So this is also very nice.

306
00:12:11,150 --> 00:12:15,623
So we have really replicated you know, the
qualities and the assessments, that the

307
00:12:15,623 --> 00:12:19,600
evaluation that we had on the, for the
campus class into the MOOC class.

308
00:12:19,600 --> 00:12:23,590
So which makes us very happy, because we
work like incredibly hard for this.

309
00:12:23,590 --> 00:12:25,898
Right?
Oh, yeah, yeah, so this

310
00:12:25,898 --> 00:12:29,143
is the language experience the programming
language experience

311
00:12:29,143 --> 00:12:32,200
that people have had before coming to the
class.

312
00:12:32,200 --> 00:12:34,090
And so this is an interesting curve.

313
00:12:34,090 --> 00:12:34,300
Right?

314
00:12:34,300 --> 00:12:37,730
So lot of people had experience in Python,
C++, Java,

315
00:12:37,730 --> 00:12:41,481
these are typically the top three that,
that you expect.

316
00:12:41,481 --> 00:12:46,168
but there is also a lot of experience on
other things like MATLAB, JavaScript, C #.

317
00:12:46,168 --> 00:12:46,660
Okay?

318
00:12:46,660 --> 00:12:50,798
And, and, and so the, there is a long
curve here.

319
00:12:50,798 --> 00:12:51,682
Okay?

320
00:12:51,682 --> 00:12:53,502
the other thing that you can see is

321
00:12:53,502 --> 00:12:56,350
what is the, the languages that people
have used.

322
00:12:56,350 --> 00:12:58,750
And this, this is for this person

323
00:12:58,750 --> 00:13:02,690
who's name is unpronounceable, Mai, Maciej
or whatever.

324
00:13:02,690 --> 00:13:02,804
So

325
00:13:02,804 --> 00:13:03,089
[LAUGH]

326
00:13:03,089 --> 00:13:07,090
people shouldn't have complicated name
like that, that should be forbidden.

327
00:13:07,090 --> 00:13:07,280
Right?

328
00:13:07,280 --> 00:13:09,060
Simple name.
Right?

329
00:13:09,060 --> 00:13:11,928
But to, at least to pronounce.
Okay?

330
00:13:11,928 --> 00:13:14,408
and so this is a, this is, this person
actually

331
00:13:14,408 --> 00:13:17,370
asked us to give this, this resource at
the end.

332
00:13:17,370 --> 00:13:19,880
So what other programming language that
people have used.

333
00:13:19,880 --> 00:13:21,740
And so this is kind of interesting for us.

334
00:13:21,740 --> 00:13:22,010
Okay?

335
00:13:22,010 --> 00:13:24,740
So a lot of people here and you know they
love Python.

336
00:13:24,740 --> 00:13:26,100
Okay?
They use Python.

337
00:13:26,100 --> 00:13:28,030
A lot of people use C++ or Java.

338
00:13:28,030 --> 00:13:30,750
Okay?
some C# over there.

339
00:13:30,750 --> 00:13:31,370
Okay?

340
00:13:31,370 --> 00:13:34,045
And there is this language for instance
called other, very popular too.

341
00:13:34,045 --> 00:13:35,130
Right?

342
00:13:35,130 --> 00:13:37,077
And so one of the things you know, that I

343
00:13:37,077 --> 00:13:40,620
want, this is a free advertisement for
running language here.

344
00:13:40,620 --> 00:13:43,610
Guys you should Objective C this is an
amazing language.

345
00:13:43,610 --> 00:13:47,130
The syntax is a little bit funny, but this
is an amazing language.

346
00:13:47,130 --> 00:13:47,670
Check it out.

347
00:13:47,670 --> 00:13:48,250
Okay?

348
00:13:48,250 --> 00:13:50,990
Just spend two hours checking that
language.

349
00:13:50,990 --> 00:13:52,045
It's amazing.
Okay?

350
00:13:52,045 --> 00:13:53,196
Okay.

351
00:13:53,196 --> 00:13:55,340
use of general purpose solver.

352
00:13:55,340 --> 00:13:59,310
You know, this is, this was actually an
interesting information for us.

353
00:13:59,310 --> 00:13:59,910
Okay?

354
00:13:59,910 --> 00:14:01,420
So it's more or less balanced.
Okay?

355
00:14:01,420 --> 00:14:03,320
So more, you know, more people are not
using

356
00:14:03,320 --> 00:14:06,340
it, which is essentially the intent of the
class originally.

357
00:14:06,340 --> 00:14:09,050
And some of the people here are using it
as well.

358
00:14:09,050 --> 00:14:10,660
So both, both are fine.

359
00:14:10,660 --> 00:14:11,240
Okay?

360
00:14:11,240 --> 00:14:14,526
I think in the future they will go, since
the class is targeting

361
00:14:14,526 --> 00:14:18,660
a very broad audience we expect these
thing to be nicely balanced as well.

362
00:14:18,660 --> 00:14:21,245
And we give most support to most people
actually using this tool so

363
00:14:21,245 --> 00:14:24,480
that they can use them more effectively,
they learn them on their own.

364
00:14:24,480 --> 00:14:25,480
But this is interesting.

365
00:14:25,480 --> 00:14:27,580
This is interesting to see that this is
almost balanced.

366
00:14:28,856 --> 00:14:29,570
Okay.

367
00:14:29,570 --> 00:14:31,530
So this is a class that this is, this is,
this is

368
00:14:31,530 --> 00:14:35,010
an interesting slide of what, whether you
would recommend this, this class.

369
00:14:35,010 --> 00:14:39,231
And once again you know, we have a big,
you know, big, big, big

370
00:14:39,231 --> 00:14:44,320
a large number of, of people, you know,
are very likely to recommend the class.

371
00:14:44,320 --> 00:14:47,128
Now, you know, this is, this, one thing
that, you know, you

372
00:14:47,128 --> 00:14:50,620
could do, you could, you know, all the
people in this category here.

373
00:14:50,620 --> 00:14:52,726
Why don't you go to the sites, you know,

374
00:14:52,726 --> 00:14:55,060
reviewing the class and, and just write a
review.

375
00:14:55,060 --> 00:14:57,550
It doesn't have to be long.
You can just say this class is fantastic.

376
00:14:57,550 --> 00:14:59,520
Hard work, but fantastic.
Right?

377
00:14:59,520 --> 00:15:00,530
Just do that.

378
00:15:00,530 --> 00:15:02,210
Okay?
That would be terrific for us.

379
00:15:02,210 --> 00:15:03,458
Thank you.

380
00:15:03,458 --> 00:15:05,500
and we hope to see you at the next
session.

381
00:15:05,500 --> 00:15:05,820
Okay?

382
00:15:05,820 --> 00:15:07,418
Hopefully, we can get some other people

383
00:15:07,418 --> 00:15:09,640
who ordered it to actually do the
assignments.

384
00:15:09,640 --> 00:15:14,470
And some of the people who almost complete
it, we hope to see you in March 2014.

385
00:15:14,470 --> 00:15:19,100
That's where that's the next session of
this class.

386
00:15:19,100 --> 00:15:22,580
And so the last you know, that you see
that most people were satisfied

387
00:15:22,580 --> 00:15:26,110
with the content and what we have to make
it even better next time.

388
00:15:26,110 --> 00:15:27,750
Okay.
Thank you very much guys.

389
00:15:27,750 --> 00:15:31,490
You know, it was an incredible experience
for the team here, and

390
00:15:31,490 --> 00:15:34,754
I hope you know, you enjoyed it, you
enjoyed it as much as

391
00:15:34,754 --> 00:15:36,580
we did.
Thank you guys, bye.

392
00:15:37,970 --> 00:15:39,490
Oh, I forgot my hat.

393
00:15:39,490 --> 00:15:40,150
Okay?

394
00:15:40,150 --> 00:15:42,430
I should say, ha, we have to re-tape
everything.

395
00:15:42,430 --> 00:15:45,040
No we won't do it, but you know, thank you
guys.