Good afternoon. 
Welcome back to Energy 101, and we've 
been talking about, energy resources. 
the reason we've been talking about 
energy resources is, we need to back up, 
I want to back up and look at the big 
picture so we don't lose our perspective. 
Remember that the whole thing got started 
when we first started the course. 
Looking at energy use by society. 
Society wanted and due to the fact that 
you can't create energy out of nothing, 
we have to go find that energy due to 
natural laws of physics, that is, that 
exists in the natural form. 
So we've been looking at what those 
natural forms of energy are, that we 
utilize. 
And to supply the needs that society 
wants to keep their houses warm to drive 
their automobiles to provide lighting, to 
provide cooling in our homes and 
buildings, and to make our lives better. 
In society, an we as individuals are 
willing to pay a significant amount of 
money for that energy, but there has to 
be a tremendous infrastructure behind it, 
the energy flow in order to supply us 
with that energy. 
So we've been looking at the, where the 
energy comes from in its natural form. 
And we have looked at the hydrocarbon 
supplies, 
the nuclear energy supplies and the 
renewable energy supplies. 
And where they're all coming from 
This one shows the 2011 these numbers 
show the 2011 energy resources. 
And where, where they're coming from, 20% 
of them come, of our total energy 
supplies, comes from coal. 
26% from oil, 36%. 
Some natural gas, nuclear's 9%. 
and renewables, biomass is five, hydros 
is three, hydro dams, hydroelectric dams 
is three percent. 
That, we don't expect that number to 
change significantly. 
it's due to all kinds of limitations, we 
dont expect Build anymore dams. 
where you can't get permitting and the 
environmental issues, people don't want 
to deal with. 
And so the hydroelectric situation, and 
the energy we're getting from the dams is 
pretty much a fixed situation. 
wind energy we're getting a little of 1% 
now. 
The thermal, which is the energy from the 
earth, and we drill down in the earth, 
and then we have solar energy. 
Notice that wind is about ten times as 
much as solar. 
Even though you here a lot about solar 
and we've had a lot of emphasis on solar, 
wind is still supplying ten times as much 
energy to our society as solar is. 
And that's because of the cost of solar. 
The cost of solar is significantly more 
than wind in general. 
And that's where the growth has occurred. 
We're still a general, a free 
enterprised, capitalistic system. 
And the cheapest solution that provides, 
in this case, renewable energy is the one 
that will be utilized. 
And this is generally when doors open. 
the solar's coming along and the cost is 
coming down. 
here's, it's shown, here's our energy 
resources shown as a pie chart, and we've 
already seen oil has about 39%, natural 
gas, and then coal, and then there's the 
hydro that I mentioned before at 3%, and 
nuclear's about 8 or 9%. 
biomass as I already mentioned is about 
3% in 2002. 
And, here wind in 2002 was about 0.1%, 
1/10 of one percent, which is, a small 
number for in 2002. 
Well, how did it change in 10 years, by 
the end of 2011. 
By the way, if I haven't mentioned it. 
I deal with 2011 because I like to look 
at whole year periods. 
When you start looking at monthly data, 
you get a lot of scattering of the data. 
And it's very difficult to make any hard 
conclusions from the monthly data. 
I like to compare year on year, so we'll 
be getting. 
The year, the data for 2012, from the 
EIA, the Energy Information Agency, 
sometime around March, or about the time 
this course concludes. 
But here is how, the pie chart looks, and 
you can compare it, one with the other. 
That's the 2002, this is the 2011. 
And 1 thing I wanted to point out, is 
that the numbers have changed slightly. 
And this show's where, how they've 
changed on a 1 to 1 basis. 
The blue bar right here, show;s how much 
has What percent we're getting from each 
resource. 
Coal, and our percentage from coal has 
gone down from about 23% or 24% to about 
20%. 
so we are relying less as a percent on 
coal. 
And by the way, the total energy 
consumption in 2011 is about the same as 
2000. 
to decline to about, until about 2008, 
when the recession dropped it, and now 
it's climbed back to where it's about the 
same as 2002. 
So 2011 total energy consumption is about 
the same Of 2002. 
And this is showing the percent of that 
total energy consumption of the natural 
resources and where it comes from. 
You see natural gas is going up. 
Is going up about the same amount that 
coal has gone down. 
That's been good for global warning 
because natural gas power plants, which 
is primarily where it's gone And coal has 
been re, been reduced. 
Is it produces about half as much CO2 for 
each unit of electricity produced as coal 
does. 
And that's due to the difference in the 
molecule being a CH4 for natural gas and 
coal being all carbon. 
Oil, you can see the percentage for oil 
has gone down slightly, and this is due 
to more efficient automobiles over the 10 
years. 
And even though we are driving more miles 
and there's also we changed our driving 
patterns. 
Nuclear's about the same from 2002 to 
2011. 
Biomass has actually gone up, as you can 
see here, because there's more incentive 
now with economics and the, and there's 
more goverment incentives. 
Hydro is about the same, and wind you can 
see was insignificant. 
in 2002, it was down around a 10th of a 
percent, whereas now, it's, as I showed 
you, about 1.2%. 
Geothermal, you can see is very small and 
solar is very small. 
I put these out here to show How much 
their im, they impact, our total energy 
consumption. 
So though, we've heard a lot about solar, 
and we've put a lot of emphasis on it 
there's a lot of research and development 
going on, there's a lot of effort to 
drive costs down, it's still is, pretty 
much an insignificant, cont, making an 
insignificant contribution to our total 
energy picture about as far as how much 
it impacts our oil consumption and our, 
Natural gas consumption and coal 
consumption and nuclear consumption. 
But you gotta start somewhere. 
And even though the amount of wind has 
gone up a factor of 10, and the solar 
about the same it's still a small 
fraction, very small percentage around 1% 
or less, both wind and solar each. 
for of, where we get our energy resources 
from. 
So that's, that co, that recaps, the 
energy resources that we, have and are, 
an we currently are getting our energy 
from. 
And now, We'll look from here forward at 
things like the conversion of this raw 
form of energy, be it wind or solar. 
Into a form that we want and can use it. 
And that will, because it will see that 
there's some limitatioins regarding how 
we convert it, how much we can convert 
it, the efficiency in which we can 
convert it and the cost that we can 
convert it. 
Okay, thanks for your attention, bye.