1 00:00:00,012 --> 00:00:03,826 So today, we're looking at solar resources. 2 00:00:03,826 --> 00:00:09,292 As part of the overall energy resources we have available to us. 3 00:00:09,292 --> 00:00:15,731 And today, we're going to look at the interactive map, how to create maps to 4 00:00:15,731 --> 00:00:22,002 find out exactly how much radiation and solar energy is available to us. 5 00:00:22,002 --> 00:00:25,780 To utilize to meet some of the energy needs. 6 00:00:25,780 --> 00:00:31,862 It's a little bit difficult thing to calculate because there's so many 7 00:00:31,862 --> 00:00:36,522 variables that the amount of radiation depends on it. 8 00:00:36,522 --> 00:00:40,362 It depends on where you're located on a map. 9 00:00:40,362 --> 00:00:46,417 What latitude, longitude you're located, both from altitude makes a difference 10 00:00:46,417 --> 00:00:52,257 time of year makes a difference panel, panel mounting and orientation of that 11 00:00:52,257 --> 00:00:57,197 mounting makes a difference. Two axis tracking always facing the sun 12 00:00:57,197 --> 00:01:02,929 is the best. We can, excuse me, we can fix the panel, which is the cheapest way 13 00:01:02,929 --> 00:01:07,672 to install them and tilt them up toward the equator at a fixed angle. 14 00:01:07,672 --> 00:01:13,117 That means if we're in the up northern hemisphere we're, we're tilting them up 15 00:01:13,117 --> 00:01:17,317 to the south pole. If we're in the southern hemisphere we're 16 00:01:17,317 --> 00:01:22,762 tilting them, them up from the horiz, from the flat horizontal surface toward 17 00:01:22,762 --> 00:01:26,876 the north pole. And we can also have fixed horizontal 18 00:01:26,876 --> 00:01:32,007 mounting, flat on the ground, or we can vertical mounts, on the sides 19 00:01:32,007 --> 00:01:35,710 of buildings. Again, just to remind us, what we saw 20 00:01:35,710 --> 00:01:39,388 last time, this is what we're talking about here. 21 00:01:39,388 --> 00:01:44,772 And the tilt angle that we're talking about is this one right here. 22 00:01:44,772 --> 00:01:50,857 This is the tilt angle that we refer to. And this, this diagram is written for the 23 00:01:50,857 --> 00:01:55,552 northern hemisphere. Because it talks about tilting it to the 24 00:01:55,552 --> 00:01:58,582 south. And you only want to, that's going to 25 00:01:58,582 --> 00:02:03,852 hurt you, if in the southern atmosphere, and you tilt it to the south. 26 00:02:03,852 --> 00:02:09,407 So, but it's, it's real, it's, Drawn for the northern hemisphere, of US 27 00:02:09,407 --> 00:02:15,512 centric, in other words because it's done by the National Renewable Lab of the US 28 00:02:15,512 --> 00:02:19,992 Department of Energy. So we can refer back to that if we get 29 00:02:19,992 --> 00:02:24,452 confused about some of these choices that we're going to make. 30 00:02:24,452 --> 00:02:29,936 Now, we're going to Use and interact the map that they have, 31 00:02:29,936 --> 00:02:35,205 interact the website. It produces a map such as this and to 32 00:02:35,205 --> 00:02:42,322 show you what we're going to get and each 1 of these dots on this map, by the way, 33 00:02:42,322 --> 00:02:50,904 represents an experimental Data point. In other words they have solar radiation 34 00:02:50,904 --> 00:02:57,679 at all of these points. And they use that to correlate the 35 00:02:57,679 --> 00:03:03,097 correlate the data, and so the map corresponds to that. 36 00:03:03,097 --> 00:03:09,322 And the, this is the scale that tells us what the colors represent. 37 00:03:09,322 --> 00:03:16,522 In other words, this yellow, of course, means that, that on an annual basis, this 38 00:03:16,522 --> 00:03:22,690 one is done on an annual basis Creates 5 to 6 kilowatt hours per square meter per 39 00:03:22,690 --> 00:03:25,901 day. And, in this area, it's the light green. 40 00:03:25,901 --> 00:03:29,658 So it's 4 to 5 kilowatt hours per square meter per day. 41 00:03:29,658 --> 00:03:33,958 But now, that's not. Every day, obviously, is not going to be 42 00:03:33,958 --> 00:03:37,225 that. Winter's going to be less than different 43 00:03:37,225 --> 00:03:40,021 in summer. But, on a average basis, 44 00:03:40,021 --> 00:03:46,689 cloudy days will be less than sunshiny days, but on an annual average basis, 45 00:03:46,689 --> 00:03:54,360 that's how much solar energy will, strike a square meter, about 10 square feet, on 46 00:03:54,360 --> 00:03:59,230 a daily basis. A kilowatt hour is 3,413 BTU's per hour, 47 00:03:59,230 --> 00:04:04,933 if you want to convert that. So that's what we're going to create 48 00:04:04,933 --> 00:04:10,257 here, and another example This one is the last one. 49 00:04:10,257 --> 00:04:19,388 This one is, as I mentioned, is the tilt angle is tilted up to the south and the 50 00:04:19,388 --> 00:04:27,410 Northern Hemisphere of the U.S. at the latitude at an annual basis. 51 00:04:27,410 --> 00:04:34,662 The next one shows it for a two-axis tracking situation, where we're always 52 00:04:34,662 --> 00:04:40,787 facing the panel toward the sun. And we're looking at the best month, so I 53 00:04:40,787 --> 00:04:46,577 took the best situation here. And you can see that from the scale that 54 00:04:46,577 --> 00:04:50,127 we're receiving a lot more energy in July. 55 00:04:50,127 --> 00:04:56,572 And if we want to pay for the extra cost of the two-axis tracking mechanism, 56 00:04:56,572 --> 00:05:02,426 we will prob-, have a lot more energy striking our collector that we can 57 00:05:02,426 --> 00:05:08,749 hopefully convert to something useful. And all in the South, you can see, it's 58 00:05:08,749 --> 00:05:12,994 it's around 7 to 8 KW hours per square meter per day. 59 00:05:12,994 --> 00:05:18,652 So you can do your trade off and determine if it's worth your while to 60 00:05:18,652 --> 00:05:25,125 pay for a 2 axis tracking system. but you, things are much more uniform 61 00:05:25,125 --> 00:05:31,502 across the country if you do a 2 axis tracking situation, as you can see here. 62 00:05:31,502 --> 00:05:38,973 Out here, and even in the Northwest, you're out there at the high point of 10 63 00:05:38,973 --> 00:05:43,061 to 14 kilowatt hours per square meter per day. 64 00:05:43,061 --> 00:05:47,931 Those are the maps that we're going to create here. 65 00:05:47,931 --> 00:05:54,567 And we do that by for, using an interactive on-line map and this is the, 66 00:05:54,567 --> 00:05:58,557 this is the link right here. Whoop. 67 00:05:58,557 --> 00:06:05,757 Get it in a minute. this is the link and I think if you click 68 00:06:05,757 --> 00:06:14,272 on it we'll have it come up. Okay, when we go to that link that's on 69 00:06:14,272 --> 00:06:22,508 that slide, this is where Were directed to, and, as you can see here, we have 70 00:06:22,508 --> 00:06:29,288 several choices that we need to make. We need to select a data type. 71 00:06:29,288 --> 00:06:38,320 Do we want the average, the minimum case or the best case? the next we can choose 72 00:06:38,320 --> 00:06:43,326 the month, what month that we're interested in, or 73 00:06:43,326 --> 00:06:51,212 we can choose the annual average, which is, usually I pick, but let's see. 74 00:06:51,212 --> 00:06:54,467 Here we go. what's clicked here is January. 75 00:06:54,467 --> 00:07:02,087 And what I've showed you before is the annual average for all of these months 76 00:07:02,087 --> 00:07:07,867 for the entire year. And I, the first map that I showed you 77 00:07:07,867 --> 00:07:15,467 was for flat plate down here, tilted south at latitude, tilted south at 78 00:07:15,467 --> 00:07:20,472 latitude. So we go down, and we click view map to 79 00:07:20,472 --> 00:07:26,607 see what it looks like. And this is the map that I showed you 80 00:07:26,607 --> 00:07:35,362 before and that I've already had run. So you can create your own situation. 81 00:07:35,362 --> 00:07:43,307 If we go back, decree the 2nd map that I mentioned, we can look at July, and July 82 00:07:43,307 --> 00:07:48,777 rather than the annual average, which is the best month. 83 00:07:48,777 --> 00:07:56,427 We could also look at some of the worst months, being say to January, if we like, 84 00:07:56,427 --> 00:08:02,308 and Look at the single axis, not single axis, but two axis tracking, flat plate. 85 00:08:02,308 --> 00:08:05,648 Now let me just mention here, it's got 2 choices. 86 00:08:05,648 --> 00:08:10,204 Two axis tracking concentrator, and two axis tracking flat plate. 87 00:08:10,204 --> 00:08:15,619 The reason there's a difference, is because a concentrator will only reflect 88 00:08:15,619 --> 00:08:21,989 and concentrate at the point you wanted, the direct radiation coming directly from 89 00:08:21,989 --> 00:08:25,629 the sun. There's some diffuse radiation that's 90 00:08:25,629 --> 00:08:31,902 coming from the atmosphere that gets, scattered as the sun is coming through 91 00:08:31,902 --> 00:08:36,631 the atmosphere. Which is so there is less energy coming 92 00:08:36,631 --> 00:08:42,839 as direct radiation that a concentrator can deal with than if it's a flat plate. 93 00:08:42,839 --> 00:08:48,921 So if it's a, it's, that's the reason there's a difference there, but there is 94 00:08:48,921 --> 00:08:52,982 a difference between a concentrator and a flat plate. 95 00:08:52,982 --> 00:08:57,487 Here, we're talking about a flat plate is what I've been talking about. 96 00:08:57,487 --> 00:09:02,352 So that's the, I created the, the high side where, that had all the red on it, 97 00:09:02,352 --> 00:09:06,962 using a 2-axis tracking flat plate and looking at the one month of July. 98 00:09:06,962 --> 00:09:13,684 And if I look, click view map, I come up with the map that I showed you before, 99 00:09:13,684 --> 00:09:20,614 where it's more uniform across the country, much higher radiation intensity 100 00:09:20,614 --> 00:09:24,638 per unit area, with the scale down here shown. 101 00:09:24,638 --> 00:09:32,237 It goes from 10-14 out here in the West down to the tan which is about 7 to 8, 102 00:09:32,237 --> 00:09:39,042 over here all up and down the east. So there's some real advatages to being 103 00:09:39,042 --> 00:09:45,767 tracking and of course being in July. We can look at that, this looks real 104 00:09:45,767 --> 00:09:54,122 quickly at what it looks for Annual average, if we do 2-axis tracking, we go 105 00:09:54,122 --> 00:10:02,497 back and Return to Menu, and we'll go down, and we look at Annual average, 106 00:10:02,497 --> 00:10:11,522 rather than just, just July, that we just looked at and we'll do the 2-axis 107 00:10:11,522 --> 00:10:18,289 tracking. To access flat plate again, the only 108 00:10:18,289 --> 00:10:25,930 thing I've changed from the previous case was annual rather than July. 109 00:10:25,930 --> 00:10:32,312 And in that case you can see that the annual average is. 110 00:10:32,312 --> 00:10:35,530 Significantly higher out here in the south west. 111 00:10:35,530 --> 00:10:40,283 So there's some real differences in the characteristics of the amount of 112 00:10:40,283 --> 00:10:44,865 radiation that's available to you depending on where you're located. 113 00:10:44,865 --> 00:10:49,841 So that the interacting map for the US and I hope you find it beneficial. 114 00:10:49,841 --> 00:10:55,559 And, by the way, if you click a, a PDF version That, up there at the top, it 115 00:10:55,559 --> 00:11:02,403 will create a a, before you go, got some software problems on that. 116 00:11:02,403 --> 00:11:09,143 But you can down, you can show it as a .PDF and download it and it's a little 117 00:11:09,143 --> 00:11:15,363 clear, cleaner picture. But that, that completes the interactive 118 00:11:15,363 --> 00:11:20,721 solar map that shows you how to determine how much solar energy is available to us 119 00:11:20,721 --> 00:11:23,783 in different situations in the U.S. at least. 120 00:11:23,783 --> 00:11:27,883 And there are means to do that also any place in the world. 121 00:11:27,883 --> 00:11:28,933 Okay, thank you.