1 00:00:00,012 --> 00:00:02,617 Hello. We're, this is Energy 101. 2 00:00:02,617 --> 00:00:08,627 We're looking at the third module which is going to look at resources energy 3 00:00:08,627 --> 00:00:12,887 resources. we talk, in the first section, about the 4 00:00:12,887 --> 00:00:18,947 energy needs for society and why we need them and where we're at, use them and now 5 00:00:18,947 --> 00:00:23,382 we're going to talk about where that energy comes from. 6 00:00:23,382 --> 00:00:30,616 so we're going to talk about the natural energy sources that we currently use in 7 00:00:30,616 --> 00:00:38,281 order to, supply the needs that we have. so, we specifically talked about the 8 00:00:38,281 --> 00:00:43,354 energy needed for buildings. For manufacturing goods and for 9 00:00:43,354 --> 00:00:48,533 transportation and, by the way one thing I may not have mentioned in 10 00:00:48,533 --> 00:00:52,752 manufacturing, that includes manufacturing of, of food. 11 00:00:52,752 --> 00:00:58,523 farming and the energy required to produce the, the food that we require for 12 00:00:58,523 --> 00:01:01,978 nutrition. is under the manufacturing sector. 13 00:01:01,978 --> 00:01:06,648 But we're going to look at the sources today, find out where they're coming 14 00:01:06,648 --> 00:01:09,831 from. Not in the future, not in the so much in 15 00:01:09,831 --> 00:01:12,889 the past, although we'll look at that briefly. 16 00:01:12,889 --> 00:01:16,598 but mainly where, where we getting this energy from. 17 00:01:16,598 --> 00:01:23,734 right now we are getting the har-, most of it from hydrocarbon supplies. 18 00:01:23,734 --> 00:01:29,516 Coal we're getting 20% from. 20% of our total energy used comes from 19 00:01:29,516 --> 00:01:33,793 coal. coal is our second oldest form of energy 20 00:01:33,793 --> 00:01:37,485 base. Wood was primarily the first falling 21 00:01:37,485 --> 00:01:45,074 under biomass and, but coal was, came into high demand in the, in the 1800's 22 00:01:45,074 --> 00:01:51,205 and the steam engines that were used. And then we had oil. 23 00:01:51,205 --> 00:02:00,044 Oil, of course, came about with, with the advent of the automobile primarily. 24 00:02:00,044 --> 00:02:06,062 Oil demand started being, Increasing and the simultaneous 25 00:02:06,062 --> 00:02:12,112 development of oil supply and the automobile went together, 1 fit in the 26 00:02:12,112 --> 00:02:16,067 other. And then 36% of our energy supplies come 27 00:02:16,067 --> 00:02:20,522 from natural gas. That's of the total energy supply. 28 00:02:20,522 --> 00:02:25,692 We'll see that overall in a few minutes. But uranium nuclear. 29 00:02:25,692 --> 00:02:31,682 They, accounts for about 9%. so we're up to about 46 and 36 of that 30 00:02:31,682 --> 00:02:35,872 adjective. About 80% that supplies almost 80 31 00:02:35,872 --> 00:02:40,167 something percent of our total energy supply. 32 00:02:40,167 --> 00:02:46,252 when we look at the renewable resources that we're getting today. 33 00:02:46,252 --> 00:02:52,328 Not the future but today biomass is the biggest one or, just for example, wood. 34 00:02:52,328 --> 00:02:56,721 Wood is a primary biomass. We use a lot of wood waste and wood 35 00:02:56,721 --> 00:03:03,075 resources, for instance paper plants, pulp plants, pulpwood plants that uses 36 00:03:03,075 --> 00:03:08,742 pulpwood and then has a wood waste that is burned to create their own energy. 37 00:03:08,742 --> 00:03:15,163 So, we use a lot of, lot of wood. But we're also using a lot of corn and to 38 00:03:15,163 --> 00:03:19,252 produce ethanol that's mixed with gasoline. 39 00:03:19,252 --> 00:03:25,272 We're using 30 to 40% of our Corn, national production in the US to produce 40 00:03:25,272 --> 00:03:28,122 ethanol. 30 or 40%, a big chunk of it. 41 00:03:28,122 --> 00:03:34,692 And of course we're in a situation there of competing for between food resource 42 00:03:34,692 --> 00:03:37,905 for corn and energy resource for For corn. 43 00:03:37,905 --> 00:03:44,067 So that's a conundrum that, cellulosic ethanol that we'll cover later in the 44 00:03:44,067 --> 00:03:49,319 course could resolve. But, biomass supplies in the primary form 45 00:03:49,319 --> 00:03:54,990 of wood and corn, plus there's some others, is about 5% of our total energy 46 00:03:54,990 --> 00:03:59,102 supplies that we use. Dams, hydro-dams, water dams. 47 00:03:59,102 --> 00:04:02,753 as a renewable resource. Of course the biomass by the way is 48 00:04:02,753 --> 00:04:05,498 renewable also because we grow corn every year. 49 00:04:05,498 --> 00:04:09,451 And we grow wood every year. And and harvest it and then we grow some, 50 00:04:09,451 --> 00:04:12,347 grow again for another year before you harvest it. 51 00:04:12,347 --> 00:04:17,317 And in the case of wood, you General let it grow for about seven years. 52 00:04:17,317 --> 00:04:23,160 But, the hydro is all renewable. hydro you let water fall from on top of 53 00:04:23,160 --> 00:04:28,865 the mountains down to the valley. And in the process you put it through a, 54 00:04:28,865 --> 00:04:34,996 a Hydro-electric generator that's it converts the energy stored in that 55 00:04:34,996 --> 00:04:41,167 elevation, the water being at some high elevation, converts it into electricity. 56 00:04:41,167 --> 00:04:46,187 And but it's recycled. The water then in the ocean and the lakes 57 00:04:46,187 --> 00:04:50,712 down at sea level is evaporated and lifts up into the clouds. 58 00:04:50,712 --> 00:04:55,959 And the clouds drift by wind over the mountains and then it rains in the 59 00:04:55,959 --> 00:05:01,871 mountains and Pumps the, the water from sea level back up to the top of the 60 00:05:01,871 --> 00:05:07,928 mountains where we can use it again to flow down through the dams and co, again 61 00:05:07,928 --> 00:05:12,854 generating electricity. Wind, wind is seen, is seen a real big 62 00:05:12,854 --> 00:05:16,561 increase of late in the last several years. 63 00:05:16,561 --> 00:05:21,952 And it's1.2%, we hear a lot about wind and we hear a lot about solar. 64 00:05:21,952 --> 00:05:28,687 You can see down below, solar's less than 2/10 of a percent, and wind is about 1.2 65 00:05:28,687 --> 00:05:35,487 percent, so we're getting about six times, more than six times as much energy 66 00:05:35,487 --> 00:05:41,992 from wind than we are from solar energy. geothermal is using the hot Earth far 67 00:05:41,992 --> 00:05:45,572 under ground. In some cases you drill a hole in the 68 00:05:45,572 --> 00:05:51,672 ground and you get hot steam coming up. But there, you're getting about, you're 69 00:05:51,672 --> 00:05:56,302 getting actually more energy from geothermal, the hot under 70 00:05:56,302 --> 00:05:59,522 Gram, than we are from solar at the current time. 71 00:05:59,522 --> 00:06:04,717 So, one of the reasons for this is solar is very expensive, geothermal is not as 72 00:06:04,717 --> 00:06:09,837 expensive, wind's a little cheaper. So this, this list basically follows the 73 00:06:09,837 --> 00:06:13,349 economics. we get more energy from those that are 74 00:06:13,349 --> 00:06:18,104 more economical or cheaper, and less energy from those that are more 75 00:06:18,104 --> 00:06:19,342 expensive. And. 76 00:06:19,342 --> 00:06:24,724 end user consumption that dollars for 'em. 77 00:06:24,724 --> 00:06:32,592 so if you look at this in a pie chart, you can get a better visual Of what all 78 00:06:32,592 --> 00:06:36,242 these percentages are and how they compare. 79 00:06:36,242 --> 00:06:42,107 You start with the cold which is about 20% in the blue upon the upper right hand 80 00:06:42,107 --> 00:06:47,097 corner and then you move down to the red, natural gas is about 26%. 81 00:06:47,097 --> 00:06:50,288 And then you Move around to oil which is 36%. 82 00:06:50,288 --> 00:06:55,678 Notice oil is the largest consumer. the the, not the consumer, the largest 83 00:06:55,678 --> 00:06:59,828 supply that we have. And, essentially, most of that oil goes 84 00:06:59,828 --> 00:07:03,928 to transportation. We'll look at where this energy goes 85 00:07:03,928 --> 00:07:07,344 later on. But all energy is not created equal so to 86 00:07:07,344 --> 00:07:09,849 speak. Both in value, for instance. 87 00:07:09,849 --> 00:07:15,265 Oil costs about five times more right now per unit of energy than natural gas and 88 00:07:15,265 --> 00:07:18,447 coal. So was very expensive relative to natural 89 00:07:18,447 --> 00:07:21,843 gas and coal. So any place you would be using natural 90 00:07:21,843 --> 00:07:25,746 gas and coal, and displace oil, we pretty well have done it. 91 00:07:25,746 --> 00:07:31,599 then nuclear is, 9%, of'course that's our nuclear power plants, and then you have 92 00:07:31,599 --> 00:07:36,292 the biomass that we mentioned, primarily wood and ethanol, of 93 00:07:36,292 --> 00:07:40,792 Up in the light blue. And then hydroelectric plants is about 94 00:07:40,792 --> 00:07:45,896 3%, wind then is about 1.2%. Then you have geothermal, a very narrow 95 00:07:45,896 --> 00:07:52,167 sliver you can barely see is a quarter of a percent and then solar is the smallest 96 00:07:52,167 --> 00:07:58,292 sliver there that's vertically upward. So those are our energy sources, and 97 00:07:58,292 --> 00:08:04,467 That that's where we get our natural energy from that occurs on a on the 98 00:08:04,467 --> 00:08:11,267 earths surface and we can usually extract from the earth be it wind or coal and 99 00:08:11,267 --> 00:08:15,592 utalize it to satisfy our socities energy needs. 100 00:08:15,592 --> 00:08:16,430 Thank you.