Hello, this is the first module for 
Energy 101. 
And what we'll focus on in this module is 
energy and society, because our society 
is the driver for the energy that we have 
to use. 
If we back up and take a real big picture 
look at energy flow in society, we see 
that we as a society want energy and 
we'll get into exactly what that means 
here in a few minutes. 
But, you, we can't create that energy out 
of nothing. 
We have to get it from a natural energy 
resource that occurs naturally on the 
earth, but then we have to use energy 
conversion technology as an infinate of. 
Massive infrastructure in order to 
provide the energy that society uses. 
So the energy used by society is the 
driver, that's the tail that wags the 
entire dog of energy. 
It's what has created all of the 
opportunities, all of the costs and the 
environmental impact. 
That is due to energy today. 
So, let's focus on the tail that wags the 
dog. 
How society uses energy. 
And why we use it, and why we want it. 
Okay? So we're seeing why society wants 
energy. 
And we split it into 3 major sectors. 
Building comfort, manufacturing goods, 
and transportation. 
And that's the tail that wags the dog 
that creates the need for all the backup 
that's required to supply that energy, 
the energy to society. 
Well how how much does each one of these 
sectors use. 
[SOUND]. 
Well, it's fairly equal, if you look at 
this pie chart. 
We see that the largest consumer of our 
energy, in the US, is buildings. 
The residences, our homes, the shops, the 
office buildings. 
That consumes about 41% of the total 
energy consumed in this country. 
41%, little more than a 1/3, less the 
1/2, 41%. 
The next largest user of energy in our 
country is manufacturing. 
Manufacturing cars, manufacturing goods, 
that uses approximately a 1/3 again, 31%. 
That's the red sector. 
And the 3rd sector, transportation, is 
28%, again about 5% less than a third. 
So you can roughly say that they're split 
about a third and a third and a third, 
with building being a little more, 
transportation being a little less. 
So let's dive a little deeper now into 
what we mean by buildings use energy. 
What kinds of energy does buildings need? 
What kind of energy does manufacturing 
need? What kind of energy does 
transportation need? Because there are 
different forms of energy that we would 
like to have, and we want to use as we go 
about our daily lives. 
In a society that's built on hundreds of 
years of utilizing energy. 
Well, one of category of energy that all 
of these sectors used, is heat. 
Building comfort, we don't like to afford 
to be 20 degrees inside our house when 
it's 20 degrees outside. 
So, we want to heat the indoor air. 
That takes energy to do that. 
We also don't like it being 95 degrees 
inside when it's 95 degrees outside. 
I happened to grow up in South Florida, 
before the advent of massive air 
conditioning. 
So I know what it's like to live in a hot 
climate without air conditioning. 
But that's not the norm today. 
We like to be cool. 
We've gotten so adapted to it, as a 
matter of fact, we really aren't adjusted 
to very much hot weather. 
Manufacturing, we have to heat things up 
to manufacture them. 
Steel, when you manufacture steel, uses a 
lot energy. 
You've got to melt the steel. 
Glass you have to use a lot of energy as 
you might imagine. 
Another big need for energy in 
manufacturing sector are things like 
drying carpets. 
When you make carpet you, you dye it. 
Then you have to dry it, 
drying is a very large energy consumer in 
in manufacturing processes and it's one 
that we are trying to improve the 
technology on to in order to reduce the 
amount of energy required to dry. 
products, during the manufacturing 
process. 
Obviously, cooking, we don't think much 
about it, we just take it for granted, 
but that was one of the earliest uses, 
uses for energy. 
The caveman started cooking his food. 
He didn't used to do that. 
He used to burn wood. 
In order to cook anything, wood is a 
biomass. 
We'll sell, we' see that biomass is one 
of the big renewable energies that we 
actually use today, later on. 
Hot water, we don't like cold showers. 
We like hot water. 
We want to wash our clothes in hot water. 
We want to Wash dishes in hot water. 
So we need a lot of heat in all of these 
sectors. 
What about work, work is a form that we 
need; things like pushing a car. 
You know that it takes a lot of work if 
your car stalls and you have to push it 
out of the middle of the intersection. 
Some people generally have to help you. 
You have to push with a pretty good force 
in order to roll the car forward even at 
a very slow speed. 
So when you push on something with a 
force and move it through a distance that 
is the Basic definition of work. 
So transportation to push all our cars 
around, to push the airplanes around, the 
trains around requires a lot of work. 
That is the form of energy that we use a 
lot of. 
Pumping water. 
Well who does pumping water use work? 
Well it takes work to rotate a shaft. 
Rotating the shaft with a torque is a 
basic definition of work, and when you 
turn the tap on in your house or turn the 
shower head on to get water, you don't 
realize how much energy is being used 
back at the water plant to pump the water 
from a lake or from a deep well. 
Bring it up to a pressure that can push 
it through the network of pipes 
throughout the city or countryside in 
order to get it to your faucet and your, 
your shower head. 
So pumping water is one of the largest 
energy users, in fact it's generally the 
largest energy bill that a municipality 
has is the, paying the electric bill. 
To drive the water pumps to pump water 
around their city. 
Appliances they, the, the clothes washers 
for instance they have to have the 
agitator that goes back and forth. 
All of our appliances be it a blender, be 
it a, a Clothes washer, most appliances 
use some form of work. 
So that's another category of work. 
Slice into the different way than the 
transportation, buildings, and 
manufactering sector. 
As we move through the different types of 
energy that we use in these sectors. 
There's quite a bit of energy used in the 
materials, in manufactering materials. 
We're not talking about melting steel of 
things. 
We're talking about manufacturing things 
that actually need the molecule of the, 
of the hydrocarbon that comes in natural 
gas, coal and oil in particular. 
You need that molecule to make plastics. 
You need it to make chemicals, 
all kind, that, that we use in other 
manufacturing processes. 
It's fertilizers, is one we don't think 
about as being a big energy user. 
But fertilizer that allows us to grow a 
lot more corn on an acre and requires a 
lot less man power, because when you 
fertilize it, it can get twice as much 
corn production by tilling the same 
amount of ground and has allowed a lot of 
us to move off the farm, 
which I grew up on, 
and move into an office building 
somewhere overlooking the city and leave 
fewer people back on the farm raising the 
food that we need for survival. 
Fertilizer is a big user of, of energy, 
just the molecule itself. 
We don't burn it, but we actually use the 
molecule. 
Cooling, already mentioned space 
conditioning, 
air conditioning, and refrigeration, 
they're both cooling. 
It's really just to know that, they're 
two different applications of cooling, 
but it takes energy to drive the air 
conditioner, 
it takes energy to drive the 
refrigerator. 
Refrigeration was one of the first users 
of energy in the civilized society. 
Before refrigeration, we had to go to the 
shop and buy our food everyday, 
because if you bought it two or three 
days in advance, it would be spoiled by 
the time we got ready to use it. 
So you went and bought your food everyday 
for it to be eaten that night or the next 
day at the least. 
So, with the advent of refrigeration, 
that meant that we could go to the store 
once a week and, and buy the groceries 
that we need and put it in the freezer 
and put it in the refridgerator and it 
would be preserved. 
Lighting. 
Lighting is a big end user of electricity 
and, and energy. 
Home and office, of course, and we want, 
in order for, to be able to work and 
read, in the home and office, you need 
lights. 
We have highway lights, security lighting 
is, we're adding more and more light in 
our cities in particular for security 
purposes. 
Fortunately, lighting technologies such 
as LEDs are reducing the amount of energy 
we use to provide the same amount of 
light. 
It's a huge, a huge advancement in the 
efficiency of lighting, 
that's going to help us a lot in reducing 
our energy consumption for lighting. 
The lighting is a significant one, 
the end that building heat and building 
comfort area, 
and that we see the users were a little 
more than a third of our energy in the 
U.S. 
sectors. 
In the next module, we'll continue 
looking at energy in society from the 
energy in the economy, 
how the economy and energy is linked. 
Thank you.