1 00:00:00,012 --> 00:00:04,889 Hello, this is the first module for Energy 101. 2 00:00:04,889 --> 00:00:13,195 And what we'll focus on in this module is energy and society, because our society 3 00:00:13,195 --> 00:00:18,182 is the driver for the energy that we have to use. 4 00:00:18,182 --> 00:00:24,705 If we back up and take a real big picture look at energy flow in society, we see 5 00:00:24,705 --> 00:00:30,936 that we as a society want energy and we'll get into exactly what that means 6 00:00:30,936 --> 00:00:36,328 here in a few minutes. But, you, we can't create that energy out 7 00:00:36,328 --> 00:00:40,415 of nothing. We have to get it from a natural energy 8 00:00:40,415 --> 00:00:46,246 resource that occurs naturally on the earth, but then we have to use energy 9 00:00:46,246 --> 00:00:52,267 conversion technology as an infinate of. Massive infrastructure in order to 10 00:00:52,267 --> 00:00:57,888 provide the energy that society uses. So the energy used by society is the 11 00:00:57,888 --> 00:01:02,427 driver, that's the tail that wags the entire dog of energy. 12 00:01:02,427 --> 00:01:07,876 It's what has created all of the opportunities, all of the costs and the 13 00:01:07,876 --> 00:01:12,012 environmental impact. That is due to energy today. 14 00:01:12,012 --> 00:01:15,457 So, let's focus on the tail that wags the dog. 15 00:01:15,457 --> 00:01:20,132 How society uses energy. And why we use it, and why we want it. 16 00:01:20,132 --> 00:01:23,782 Okay? So we're seeing why society wants energy. 17 00:01:23,782 --> 00:01:29,787 And we split it into 3 major sectors. Building comfort, manufacturing goods, 18 00:01:29,787 --> 00:01:34,142 and transportation. And that's the tail that wags the dog 19 00:01:34,142 --> 00:01:40,127 that creates the need for all the backup that's required to supply that energy, 20 00:01:40,127 --> 00:01:44,812 the energy to society. Well how how much does each one of these 21 00:01:44,812 --> 00:01:46,660 sectors use. [SOUND]. 22 00:01:46,660 --> 00:01:51,105 Well, it's fairly equal, if you look at this pie chart. 23 00:01:51,105 --> 00:01:56,899 We see that the largest consumer of our energy, in the US, is buildings. 24 00:01:56,899 --> 00:02:01,865 The residences, our homes, the shops, the office buildings. 25 00:02:01,865 --> 00:02:07,582 That consumes about 41% of the total energy consumed in this country. 26 00:02:07,582 --> 00:02:11,960 41%, little more than a 1/3, less the 1/2, 41%. 27 00:02:11,960 --> 00:02:17,984 The next largest user of energy in our country is manufacturing. 28 00:02:17,984 --> 00:02:25,991 Manufacturing cars, manufacturing goods, that uses approximately a 1/3 again, 31%. 29 00:02:25,991 --> 00:02:31,736 That's the red sector. And the 3rd sector, transportation, is 30 00:02:31,736 --> 00:02:38,556 28%, again about 5% less than a third. So you can roughly say that they're split 31 00:02:38,556 --> 00:02:44,763 about a third and a third and a third, with building being a little more, 32 00:02:44,763 --> 00:02:50,712 transportation being a little less. So let's dive a little deeper now into 33 00:02:50,712 --> 00:02:56,392 what we mean by buildings use energy. What kinds of energy does buildings need? 34 00:02:56,392 --> 00:03:01,357 What kind of energy does manufacturing need? What kind of energy does 35 00:03:01,357 --> 00:03:07,042 transportation need? Because there are different forms of energy that we would 36 00:03:07,042 --> 00:03:11,572 like to have, and we want to use as we go about our daily lives. 37 00:03:11,572 --> 00:03:17,329 In a society that's built on hundreds of years of utilizing energy. 38 00:03:17,329 --> 00:03:23,477 Well, one of category of energy that all of these sectors used, is heat. 39 00:03:23,477 --> 00:03:30,279 Building comfort, we don't like to afford to be 20 degrees inside our house when 40 00:03:30,279 --> 00:03:34,935 it's 20 degrees outside. So, we want to heat the indoor air. 41 00:03:34,935 --> 00:03:39,930 That takes energy to do that. We also don't like it being 95 degrees 42 00:03:39,930 --> 00:03:45,622 inside when it's 95 degrees outside. I happened to grow up in South Florida, 43 00:03:45,622 --> 00:03:49,182 before the advent of massive air conditioning. 44 00:03:49,182 --> 00:03:54,742 So I know what it's like to live in a hot climate without air conditioning. 45 00:03:54,742 --> 00:03:58,067 But that's not the norm today. We like to be cool. 46 00:03:58,067 --> 00:04:03,217 We've gotten so adapted to it, as a matter of fact, we really aren't adjusted 47 00:04:03,217 --> 00:04:07,692 to very much hot weather. Manufacturing, we have to heat things up 48 00:04:07,692 --> 00:04:11,992 to manufacture them. Steel, when you manufacture steel, uses a 49 00:04:11,992 --> 00:04:15,032 lot energy. You've got to melt the steel. 50 00:04:15,032 --> 00:04:19,424 Glass you have to use a lot of energy as you might imagine. 51 00:04:19,424 --> 00:04:24,909 Another big need for energy in manufacturing sector are things like 52 00:04:24,909 --> 00:04:29,042 drying carpets. When you make carpet you, you dye it. 53 00:04:29,042 --> 00:04:34,003 Then you have to dry it, drying is a very large energy consumer in 54 00:04:34,003 --> 00:04:39,269 in manufacturing processes and it's one that we are trying to improve the 55 00:04:39,269 --> 00:04:44,582 technology on to in order to reduce the amount of energy required to dry. 56 00:04:44,582 --> 00:04:47,370 products, during the manufacturing process. 57 00:04:47,370 --> 00:04:52,175 Obviously, cooking, we don't think much about it, we just take it for granted, 58 00:04:52,175 --> 00:04:55,515 but that was one of the earliest uses, uses for energy. 59 00:04:55,515 --> 00:04:59,416 The caveman started cooking his food. He didn't used to do that. 60 00:04:59,416 --> 00:05:03,061 He used to burn wood. In order to cook anything, wood is a 61 00:05:03,061 --> 00:05:06,001 biomass. We'll sell, we' see that biomass is one 62 00:05:06,001 --> 00:05:10,047 of the big renewable energies that we actually use today, later on. 63 00:05:10,047 --> 00:05:13,499 Hot water, we don't like cold showers. We like hot water. 64 00:05:13,499 --> 00:05:18,157 We want to wash our clothes in hot water. We want to Wash dishes in hot water. 65 00:05:18,157 --> 00:05:20,952 So we need a lot of heat in all of these sectors. 66 00:05:20,952 --> 00:05:25,147 What about work, work is a form that we need; things like pushing a car. 67 00:05:25,147 --> 00:05:29,587 You know that it takes a lot of work if your car stalls and you have to push it 68 00:05:29,587 --> 00:05:34,212 out of the middle of the intersection. Some people generally have to help you. 69 00:05:34,212 --> 00:05:38,887 You have to push with a pretty good force in order to roll the car forward even at 70 00:05:38,887 --> 00:05:42,072 a very slow speed. So when you push on something with a 71 00:05:42,072 --> 00:05:47,243 force and move it through a distance that is the Basic definition of work. 72 00:05:47,243 --> 00:05:53,539 So transportation to push all our cars around, to push the airplanes around, the 73 00:05:53,539 --> 00:05:59,445 trains around requires a lot of work. That is the form of energy that we use a 74 00:05:59,445 --> 00:06:01,267 lot of. Pumping water. 75 00:06:01,267 --> 00:06:07,192 Well who does pumping water use work? Well it takes work to rotate a shaft. 76 00:06:07,192 --> 00:06:13,622 Rotating the shaft with a torque is a basic definition of work, and when you 77 00:06:13,622 --> 00:06:19,893 turn the tap on in your house or turn the shower head on to get water, you don't 78 00:06:19,893 --> 00:06:26,181 realize how much energy is being used back at the water plant to pump the water 79 00:06:26,181 --> 00:06:31,588 from a lake or from a deep well. Bring it up to a pressure that can push 80 00:06:31,588 --> 00:06:36,586 it through the network of pipes throughout the city or countryside in 81 00:06:36,586 --> 00:06:40,743 order to get it to your faucet and your, your shower head. 82 00:06:40,743 --> 00:06:46,408 So pumping water is one of the largest energy users, in fact it's generally the 83 00:06:46,408 --> 00:06:52,312 largest energy bill that a municipality has is the, paying the electric bill. 84 00:06:52,312 --> 00:06:56,889 To drive the water pumps to pump water around their city. 85 00:06:56,889 --> 00:07:03,088 Appliances they, the, the clothes washers for instance they have to have the 86 00:07:03,088 --> 00:07:09,155 agitator that goes back and forth. All of our appliances be it a blender, be 87 00:07:09,155 --> 00:07:13,957 it a, a Clothes washer, most appliances use some form of work. 88 00:07:13,957 --> 00:07:19,492 So that's another category of work. Slice into the different way than the 89 00:07:19,492 --> 00:07:23,772 transportation, buildings, and manufactering sector. 90 00:07:23,772 --> 00:07:29,612 As we move through the different types of energy that we use in these sectors. 91 00:07:29,612 --> 00:07:35,972 There's quite a bit of energy used in the materials, in manufactering materials. 92 00:07:35,972 --> 00:07:39,272 We're not talking about melting steel of things. 93 00:07:39,272 --> 00:07:44,772 We're talking about manufacturing things that actually need the molecule of the, 94 00:07:44,772 --> 00:07:49,822 of the hydrocarbon that comes in natural gas, coal and oil in particular. 95 00:07:49,822 --> 00:07:54,622 You need that molecule to make plastics. You need it to make chemicals, 96 00:07:54,622 --> 00:07:58,847 all kind, that, that we use in other manufacturing processes. 97 00:07:58,847 --> 00:08:03,808 It's fertilizers, is one we don't think about as being a big energy user. 98 00:08:03,808 --> 00:08:09,336 But fertilizer that allows us to grow a lot more corn on an acre and requires a 99 00:08:09,336 --> 00:08:14,596 lot less man power, because when you fertilize it, it can get twice as much 100 00:08:14,596 --> 00:08:20,074 corn production by tilling the same amount of ground and has allowed a lot of 101 00:08:20,074 --> 00:08:23,117 us to move off the farm, which I grew up on, 102 00:08:23,117 --> 00:08:28,293 and move into an office building somewhere overlooking the city and leave 103 00:08:28,293 --> 00:08:33,288 fewer people back on the farm raising the food that we need for survival. 104 00:08:33,288 --> 00:08:37,594 Fertilizer is a big user of, of energy, just the molecule itself. 105 00:08:37,594 --> 00:08:40,582 We don't burn it, but we actually use the molecule. 106 00:08:40,582 --> 00:08:43,420 Cooling, already mentioned space conditioning, 107 00:08:43,420 --> 00:08:46,909 air conditioning, and refrigeration, they're both cooling. 108 00:08:46,909 --> 00:08:51,587 It's really just to know that, they're two different applications of cooling, 109 00:08:51,587 --> 00:08:54,871 but it takes energy to drive the air conditioner, 110 00:08:54,871 --> 00:08:57,809 it takes energy to drive the refrigerator. 111 00:08:57,809 --> 00:09:03,167 Refrigeration was one of the first users of energy in the civilized society. 112 00:09:03,167 --> 00:09:08,080 Before refrigeration, we had to go to the shop and buy our food everyday, 113 00:09:08,080 --> 00:09:13,093 because if you bought it two or three days in advance, it would be spoiled by 114 00:09:13,093 --> 00:09:17,983 the time we got ready to use it. So you went and bought your food everyday 115 00:09:17,983 --> 00:09:22,002 for it to be eaten that night or the next day at the least. 116 00:09:22,002 --> 00:09:26,938 So, with the advent of refrigeration, that meant that we could go to the store 117 00:09:26,938 --> 00:09:31,877 once a week and, and buy the groceries that we need and put it in the freezer 118 00:09:31,877 --> 00:09:35,561 and put it in the refridgerator and it would be preserved. 119 00:09:35,561 --> 00:09:39,502 Lighting. Lighting is a big end user of electricity 120 00:09:39,502 --> 00:09:44,752 and, and energy. Home and office, of course, and we want, 121 00:09:44,752 --> 00:09:51,133 in order for, to be able to work and read, in the home and office, you need 122 00:09:51,133 --> 00:09:54,853 lights. We have highway lights, security lighting 123 00:09:54,853 --> 00:10:00,092 is, we're adding more and more light in our cities in particular for security 124 00:10:00,092 --> 00:10:03,687 purposes. Fortunately, lighting technologies such 125 00:10:03,687 --> 00:10:08,875 as LEDs are reducing the amount of energy we use to provide the same amount of 126 00:10:08,875 --> 00:10:11,962 light. It's a huge, a huge advancement in the 127 00:10:11,962 --> 00:10:16,391 efficiency of lighting, that's going to help us a lot in reducing 128 00:10:16,391 --> 00:10:21,693 our energy consumption for lighting. The lighting is a significant one, 129 00:10:21,693 --> 00:10:25,723 the end that building heat and building comfort area, 130 00:10:25,723 --> 00:10:31,297 and that we see the users were a little more than a third of our energy in the 131 00:10:31,297 --> 00:10:32,405 U.S. sectors. 132 00:10:32,405 --> 00:10:37,795 In the next module, we'll continue looking at energy in society from the 133 00:10:37,795 --> 00:10:43,099 energy in the economy, how the economy and energy is linked. 134 00:10:43,099 --> 00:10:43,993 Thank you.