>> Hey, welcome back. Good to see you, although I can't really
see you, but I'm looking that way and it looks like I can see you.
Okay. What are we doing now?
Examples from up, down, and star. Now, and the general reversible move.
This is probably one of the most subtle things we've done in the whole course.
And it's not something that's easily converted into hand computations and
examples. So if this seems like you have to go back
and look at it over and over again that's okay it's, it's something that, that's,
that's a little bit a little bit more Complicated than some of the other stuff
we've done. What I want to do is look at the general
reversible moves and then do an example. And the example is very, very small, so
what's really going on in, in talking about reversible moves is this is And
what's part of the general engine inside computer programs that analyze these
things. And although we can compute small examples
by hand, you can't really do much bigger examples by hand.
So bear with me, so here's a whole lot of text.
Just and this is, is a the definition of reversible moves in games without chance,
so we start off with the game which says certain left options and moves and certain
right options and moves then we say this game reverses through one of the left
options Or left moves. If there is a right move of this left
option, call that aR. With aR better for G, better for right
than G is, so remember is a game is less it's better for right.
So this means aR is better for right than G was to begin with.
So think about it this way. Left moves to a then right immediately
moves to one of the options inside a namely aR and right now is better off than
when right started. So right may as well do that.
All left moves to A right immediately is better off by moving to AR is better off
than, than he or she was when the game started.
In that case right, may as well do this all the time whenever left moves to a.
And, and therefor left might as well move directly to the right opt, left options of
they are. Rather then rather than to a, itself.
Now, that's a little bit complicated. We'll look at an example, so don't panic
yet. Alright.
I, I read some book that had this in it, right?
I've forgotten what the book was. Don't panic.
Okay, it was a book of advice, and whatever you asked it, it said Don't
panic. All right, so don't panic.
Now, in games we always have to look at things from the point of view of left and
the point of view of right. So, here is the analog for reversing
through a right move. Now, so here's an example.
And feel free to go back and look at these definitions again.
Ask questions about them in the forum. And to re-look at this example.
So here's the example. The example is up plus star.
Now up is left move, only left moves to zero.
The only right move is to star. Star is the only left move is to zero.
The only right move is to[INAUDIBLE]. 0.
So, up plus star is the same as this plus this.
So, we have 2 games, we play them the, there sum by playing in one game or the
other. So, let's look and see what happens.
Left can move to this 0. Make that move.
In which case what's left is 0 plus star. So that's a star.
Or left can move over here to this 0. In which case what's left is 0 over here
and up over here. So the two possible left moves leaves star
and up. And now let's look at the right move.
The right can move to star, in which case you have star plus star.
You can check it out, star plus star is 0 or right can move to this 0 over here then
you have 0 plus op and that's therefore, the other right option.
Now, let's look at this. So, the first thing we want to notice is
the following. I'm going to recopy some of this.
So, up plus star is, by our computation. Star up 0 up.
Now we know that 0 is less than up. From a few slides ago remember?
0 is less than up, is less than 1 over 2 to the n, for any n.
If you look back, this, this was actually done in, in one of the earlier weeks.
Although maybe we, we didn't actually write it that way.
So, so that says this op is always worse for.
Right then this 0. 0 is always better for right than up.
So this move is dominates so we can leave it.
Okay, that's the easy part or the easier part, all right.
So now, let's look at this up. Up, that up is 0 star.
And so it has a right option of star. Right move of star.
Now, star is less than up plus star, because just subtract star, just add star
to both sides, star plus star is 0, and over here we'll have, we'll have up plus
star plus star which will be up. So, so since 0 is less than up we have
this. Which says that there's a right option of
up, this up here, that's better for right than the original gain.
So, right will move there automatically once left moves the star, and then left is
left with the if right moves >> If left moves to up, right moves to star, and then
since star is 0, 0, the only left option from there is to move to 0.
Go back. Rewind the video, look at the definitions
that says this reverses to 0. 0 is the left options of the right option
of up divided which is better for right then you would know gain.
I think I said that right. So, so that says opp plus star is actually
zero star zero. Now, where have we seen that before?
Take a look at this position here, Hackenbush.
Green edge down here, blue edge up here. Blue can cut the, cut the blue edge.
Left can cut the blue edge. In which case, what's left is star or left
can cut the green edge. In which case, what's left is zero.
Right can only cut the green edge. In which case, what is left is 0.
So, these are equal games and they're both equal to up plus star, which is sometimes
abbreviated in literature as up star. So it turns out that we've seen this thing
before and now viewing this game is up plus star with for instance now what
happens when we added to itself, so up star plus up star is up plus up plus star
plus star But star plus star is 0, so that's up plus up, which is sometimes
written in the literature double up. So double up to be sure and we'll see you
next module.