TIME FLIES by BILL COSBY Also by Bill Cosby FATHERHOOD TIME FLIES Introduction by Alvin F Poussaint, M.D. A DOLPHIN BOOK DOUBLEDAY TORONTO NEW YORK LONDON * SYDNEY AUCKLAND DESIGNED BY PETER R. KRUZAN Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Cosby, Bill, 1937Time flies. "A Dolphin book." 1. Aging-Anecdotes, facetiae, satire, etc. PN623 LA43C67 1987 818'.5402 87-13083 ISBN 0-385-24040-6 Copyright @ 1987 by William H. Cosby, Jr. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FIRST EDITION To my wife and my children, and my mother and father who can see the change. Contents Introduction by Alvin F. Poussaint, M.D.I Preface Where to, Old Cos?2 1 From Temple to Tire Rack 33 2That Magician, Your Mind 53 3Could I Have a Second Opinion? 85 4 Do the Legs Go Before the Mind? 115 5 Time Lurches On 135 6 Fifty Is Nifty After All 167 Francis Bacon said, "Age appears to be best in four things: old wood best to burn, old wine to drink, old friends to trust, and old authors to read." This is only my second book, but I am definitely an older author. Younger than Francis Bacon, but older than I was when I wrote Fatherhood. Am I now an authority on age? Well, I know nothing about gerontology except how to spell it. What I have put in this book is simply a report on the current state of a man who arrived in 1937, just ten days before the birth of Superman. But for me, the only thing that flies is time. TIME FLIES Introduction by Alvin F. Poussaint, M.D. I am not afraid of tomorrow, for I have seen yesterday and I love today. WILLIAM ALLEN WHrrE Sooner or later, we get there. Whether we consider Bill Cosby fifty years old or fifty years young, the fact remains that Time Flies! Cosby, like millions of us, has reached that point in middle life when, for better or for worse, he must face the reality of growing old. He entertains and perhaps even soothes us with amusing stories that capture his reactions to the early, sobering signs of the aging process. With the philosopher's sleight of mind, he helps us understand that aging really isn't that bad-or goodl-that our state of mind about the process is what's most important. We laugh along with him as he gets on the mark and gets ready for TIME FLIES what promises to be a fruitful passage through the 'golden years"; Bill Cosby will grow old, but he will never grow dim. Throughout his career, Cosby has served as our puckish and empathic guide to humorous journeys through the fitful stages of childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, and parenthood. He is a perceptive social commentator whose comedy evolves from real-life dramas. We can identify our own experiences and reactions with many of his, and we don't mind that his humor, sometimes bittersweet, touches on the pain as well as the joy of our passage. Time Flies offers Cosby a new and special challenge. He cheerfully peels away the layers of our normal defenses, allowing us to laugh at ourselves and at life's ups and downs. Unlike the earlier stages of development, growing old can be an especially poignant time, full of rewarding but difficult tasks. The "best years of our lives" are frequently marred by a slow but inevitable decline in our physical and, occasionally, mental abilities. Unfortunately, the gradual biological deterioration that accompanies our advanced years is often aggravated by society's negative myths about aging and lifestyles inhospitable to our well-being. My own reactions to the early signs of aging BILL COS BY were, to some degree, the product of fears and misconceptions I absorbed while growing up American. I was not looking forward to a peaceful old age "on golden pond," and my mind-set was decidedly negative toward this twilight phase of life. I became a bit melancholy and, like Cosby, uneasy about reaching my Big Birthday. I declined a fiftieth birthday party because I felt that it was no cause for celebration. Did I want to keep my age a secret, perhaps hoping later to masquerade as a much younger person? My brain was not working rationally. I finally realized that I was experiencing an attack of aging anxiety, a nonReudian entity that was more immediately worrisome than the fear of death itself. Cosby and I--and possibly you--are having concerns that psychologists tell us are appropriate to our developmental stage in the life cycle. Many people in their forties and fifties become nervous about growing old before they experience the so-called mid-life crisis. Women at this stage worry about the approach of menopause, men about declining sexual performance, and both bemoan lives that could have been richer, fuller, or more successful. Many middle-aged people plunge into new careers, new interests, and new relationships as if this was their last chance to experiment with life before senility sets in. Fear of TIME FLIES the stereotypes of old age is, I suspect, one of the critical ingredients in the mid-life crisis. Even psychologists and psychiatrists are not immune to such feelings of panic. It is normal to experience a little anxiety and resistance toward some of the signposts along the road to growing old. For example, Cosby is very funny on the subject of his anxieties about trifocals; I ignored my need for bifocals for several years before yielding to the obvious necessity, waiting until I could hardly read any printed matter and was unable to decipher a menu in anything less than full light before giving in. People worry that bifocals will make them appear old. (In my opinion, bifocals may threaten some men more than sexual impotence does. Only a limited number of people are in the know if you are sexually dysfunctional, but everyone can see your bifocals and assume that you are going downhill.) One friend's anxieties about failing eyesight did not revolve entirely around the desire to look young. As a doctor, he knew that he needed bifocals because the lenses in his eyes were becoming rigid and inflexible. Was this also happening to other parts of his body? Would he eventually-and all too soon--completely lose his vision? And would he develop cataracts prematurely? A simple thing like bifocals sent BILL COS BY him into a tailspin and made him feel afraid and vulnerable about his future. Other early signs of aging can push the middleaged to wonder whether the time has come for them to develop an old-person identity-whatever that is. Similar disturbing associations occur when one's gum fines begin to recede and the prospect of dentures must be acknowledged. Hearing deficiencies associated with aging may also be denied even though corrective hearing aids are readily available. At mid life, too many people discover for the first time that, even with exercise, they cannot quite flatten their bellies anymore--and the paunch they always thought they could banish is obviously there to stay. As Cosby notes, the pull of gravity over time wins the battle. Many people in their forties and fifties are obsessed with their potential physical decline and fear that the time will quickly arrive when they require a wheelchair or are unable to rise from bed without assistance. Middle-aged people on the down slope often have these misgivings despite assurances from their physicians that they are in fine shape-for their age. It is hard for many of us to admit that we are no longer part of the Pepsi generation and that things don't get better with Coke. I won't belabor the obvious and common per5 TIME FLIES son al apprehensions about gray hair and wrinkles. A youth -and -beauty -worshiping culture dominates America, where what is "new" is generally presumed to be better than what is "old." Yet the compulsion to look young and attractive is a burden that weighs much more heavily on women than on men. Women whose faces and figures were the primary elements of their identity and self-esteem may behave with particular desperation and denial when the aging process begins to show. They are the primary purchasers of "miracle" and "anti-aging" face creams and surgical face- and body-lifts as they try to hold back the tide of time. (And an increasing number of men are becoming clients of cosmetic surgeons.) In my experience, some women develop aging anxiety as early as their thirties, particularly if they are concerned about conceiving children. For some, unfortunately, the onset of menopause can be a terminal symbol of lost youth and sex appeal. It would undoubtedly be a boon to older women if the attractiveness and allure of the "mature" woman were emphasized, with diminished focus on youth for its own sake. Progressive women are supporting such efforts on behalf of themselves and the elderly. However, as the middle-aged of both sexes grow older BILL COS BY and older, they ultimately worry more about the health of their minds than the decline of their looks. For example, a friend of my age, a lawyer, told me that her worst apprehensions about aging were evident whenever she read law quizzes in journals and had to struggle to remember the answers. She wondered whether she was losing her ability to think and recall information compared to when she was, say, twenty-five. Like others her age, she was not getting less intelligent; she was just getting less practice in taking tests. Contrary to popular notions, IQ does not decrease with age, although older people may follow logical sequences different from those of the young in their cognitive processes. It is critical to recognize that learning ability does not necessarily disappear in those over sixty five or, indeed, over eighty. Many older, retired people return to school to earn college and graduate degrees. At any age, people can keep their brains functioning well by "exercising" them, by staying involved in intellectual pursuits, and by preserving a lively curiosity in the world around them. Disuse of the brain can lead to atrophy just as disuse of the body musculature can produce weakness and tissue wasting. An excellent way to nourish the intellect and maintain alertness is to stay involved with cur TIME FLIES rent affairs and politics, read newspapers and books, and tune to interesting radio and television programs. Stimulating the mind with fresh and challenging material helps keep it in shape. Many people wonder whether memory loss is part of the natural aging process. It does seem that as we age we forget more easily, but the degree of the problem is greatly exaggerated and the causes are debatable. Sometimes older people appear to "forget" things because of memory overload or simple lack of interest. The so-called absentn-dnded elderly may easily be distracted or appear withdrawn because their minds are on other things; often they can recall with perfect clarity events of decades pastl Acute stress and anxiety may impair memory, just as they do in the young; but such impairment is more appropriately referred to as memory lapse rather than memory loss. Also, older people's memory sometimes appears to be slow because their reaction time is sluggish, but it is not necessarily lost. Experts agree that the elderly are usually not "losing it," they are just not "using it" as often. Some of the perceived decline in their mental faculties results from the negative expectations of family, friends, and society--and from their own inaction. Senior citizens might not be so concerned about BILL COS BY the decline in their mental faculties if it were not for a commonly held stereotype that our mental acuity deteriorates as we grow older. It's the old senility myth again. Cosby frequently jokes about our fears of losing our mental abilities. Unfortunately, the terror of senility sometimes becomes an overwhelming obsession of the aging. Senility was once believed to be a condition that affected all older people at some point, but only a small percentage are afflicted, although the incidence increases significantly after the age of eighty five The most common form is Alzheimer's disease, which is a specific disease and not an inevitable consequence of the aging process. The causes of this dreaded mental deterioration have not been completely delineated, but in some cases the origin is a genetic abnormality. Recent advances in the study of the brain have led researchers to believe that arteriosclerosis, hardening of the arteries of the brain, is not a cause of senility in and of itself, although it may lead to strokes and other brain dysfunctions. But arteriosclerosis is a disease that is more likely to affect individuals the longer they live. However, its development may be forestalled by a low-fat diet, good medical care for high blood pressure, and surgical techniques that TIME FLIES clear blocked blood vessels. Other, currently experimental medical procedures may eventually lessen physical disruption of the brain. Impairment of brain function is not, of course, always related to organic causes. Some of the disorders mistaken for senility may arise from psychological conditions. It is ironic that depression and worry can themselves create the appearance of senility in older people who do not experience its mental and physical deterioration. Depression occurs frequently in the aging population, but it is not a natural, or necessary, condition of that group. The elderly commonly suffer many losses--death of spouses, friends, even children; they frequently live in reduced or difficult circumstances and may endure physical disabilities that make them more liable to dismally low spirits. Psychological depression, characterized by withdrawal, sadness, and a lack of attention to personal needs and duties, is often wrongly perceived as dementia. When friends, family, and health care providers make this misdiagnosis the individual is frequently denied available treatment that could help to alleviate symptoms. Indeed, statistics show that the rate of suicide increases dramatically in the aged population. It is important, therefore, that friends and relatives learn to recognize signs of depression in the BILL COS BY elderly before an avoidable tragedy occurs. Drugs and psychotherapy cannot remedy senility but can often restore health to those who suffer from melancholia and other behavioral symptoms. It is a mystery to many scientists why the senility stereotype is so commonplace. Many people in their vintage years are actually smarter in many ways than they were at twenty-five or forty-five. Their experience and accumulated knowledge allows them to think, speak, and write with greater clarity. As we age, our judgment usually improves, giving us more intellectual balance and common sense. While the senility myth is, nonetheless, deep-seated in American culture, recent research and education have broadened our knowledge and enabled many of us to regard the old with greater objectivity. New medical information and advances in scientific methods have ameliorated some of the disabilities that accompany aging and allowed many people to stay physically and mentally fit into their eighties and nineties. Modern science and medicine have changed both the concept of aging and treatment for the aged. New technology has produced refined surgical techniques to treat cataracts, orthopedic problems and joint disease, heart and cardiovascular disease, and dental problems. Smaller, more com I I TIME FLIES for table and more effective hearing aids have greatly lessened the disability of hearing loss that plagues many older people. Partly as a response to these medical advances, the retirement age in most occupations has been raised to seventy or seventy five and in some fields there is no mandatory retirement at any age. Increasingly, the elderly are being judged by their ability to perform-which is as it should be-and not by some arbitrary cutoff age that defines the limits of their usefulness. The importance of maintaining physical and mental fitness in middle-aged and older people is significant beyond the personal satisfaction and enhanced sense of well-being it produces. The social consequences are extraordinary as we witness the -graying" of America. Life expectancy in the United States is rising steadily, and the proportion of the population that is considered elderly has increased dramatically. At the turn of the twentieth century, women could expect to live to about the age of fifty one and men forty-eight; today, those figures are nearly seventy-nine for women and seventy-one for men. (Rates for blacks and some other minorities are considerably lower because of physical and emotional conditions related to poverty and discrimination.) The approximately 28 million people in the BILL COS BY United States who are currently over sixty-five represent about 12 percent of the population. By the year 2030, more than 64 million Americans will be over sixty-five, comprising a staggering 20 percent of the population. Contrary to the popular misconception that most of the elderly are consigned to institutions, 95 percent live in the community, and most manage their own households. Sociologists and demographers are, appropriately, beginning to write more frequently about the implications of these social trends. The fields of gerontology and geriatrics-both concerned with the scientific study of aging-have proliferated as social and medical scientists begin to grapple with the issues and problems of aging. Growing old begins to concern most of us to some extent when we are in our fifties. But growing old gracefully, in good mental and physical health, is unnecessarily impeded by attitudes in our culture that devalue old age. Too often we accept the myths and stereotypes about aging that run counter to the common-sense observation that people, whether in late middle age or quite elderly, are still individuals-and as different from one another as young people are. Sometimes societal attitudes, more than actual TIME FLIES diminution of our faculties, make it difficult for us to age comfortably. Bill Cosby understands that older citizens face a prejudice called ageism, which can be as destructive and disabling as any other form of bigotry. Older people are often discriminated against in employment, education, and housing. Many are treated unfairly and even abused by younger members of the community, and sometimes by those within their own families. They are too commonly the butt of insulting and degrading ageist jokes. The stereotype that the elderly experience a second childhood has encouraged insensitive people to be patronizing and condescending. Gaining dignity and respect as whole persons is a challenge for the elderly; senior citizens themselves have organized to protest infantilization and the dissemination of myths and stereotypes. This is an "old is beautiful" movement, which all Of us, young or old, should join; the life we embellish may be our own. America's deep-rooted obsession with youth has metamorphosed the aging process into something akin to a fairy-tale beast, without the beauty, so that many flee from it in terror and disgust. Reminiscent of our childhood nightmares, the monster of old age drags us away as we cry out in vain for help; in the BILL COS BY end, the creature devours us. We awake shaken, but relieved to discover that we are still alive-that we are still ourselves. When we are young, if we think about it at all, we expect immortality; we do not believe that old age and death can really happen to us. When we are older and presumably wiser, we should know better; but that is not always so. Poets have suggested that death makes a mockery of us all, which is a jarring-enough thought. But pessimists have broadened this notion to suggest that getting older makes a mockery of us all, as well. That is like extending one's fear of the dark to include fear of the twilight. It is apparent that our fears, as we approach the twilight years, ultimately contribute to speeding our decline. In fact, many of us become what we are afraid we will become-or what society has told us we will become. Don't we all share at least some of the blame for making aging an evil force capable of poisoning the rest of our lives? Growing old understandably reminds us that there is some chance that, in time, we will become debilitated, helpless, and dependent--a frightening thought. The fear of death is often not so much a fear of dying per se, but a dread of the complete loss of control over one's life and destiny. Similarly, apprehensions about aging often involve the terror of feel TIME FLIES ing abandoned and useless, rather than terror about aging itself. It is noteworthy that young people struggling for control over their lives frequently experience much more aging anxiety than the very old. Happily for his readers, Cosby, in Time Flies, stares down the aging monster and mocks him right back: "Ha-ha to you, tool" Laughing at ourselves is never easy; it is even more difficult when we reach late middle age and perceive ourselves entering the ranks of the elderly. Some may feel that it is no joke to suffer diminished hearing, vision, and memory, that there is nothing funny about the threat of heart disease, stroke, and dementia. But, as Cosby demonstrates, a bit of counter phobia helps: the middle-aged and the elderly do benefit from a sense of humor about aging. The negative aspects of growing old have to be placed in perspective for the positive aspects to emerge. Cosby teases us about skin creams, hair coloring, and cosmetic surgery, pointing out that they cannot stave off our ultimate decline forever, but he also knows that such assists to nature can help us feel more youthful and fit-and therefore in control longer For most people, aging need not and should not be a time of despair. Our sunset may lack some of the brightness of our sunrise, but it has its own special BILL COS BY beauty if we team to see and appreciate its possibilities. That is not always easy, yet one of the positive effects of this book is to encourage each of us to reflect on our own feelings about aging. One indication that people's attitudes toward the elderly are changing is the vote of confidence Americans gave President Reagan in electing him to a second four-year term in 1984, when he was seventy-three years old. In addition to the trauma of a gunshot wound, he has survived surgical procedures for conditions common to the elderly. In 1987, President Reagan continues to function well mentally (whatever one may feel about his politics), despite his advancing age. Many other highly visible, energetic, and successful people are over the age of seventy: George Burns, Bob Hope, Lena Home, justice Thurgood Marshall, Mother Teresa, and Dr. Benjamin Spock, to name only a few. Men and women over sixty-five who have an optimal aging attitude have managed to adapt positively to the triumphs and disappointments of life. Retired people are free of the pressures and strains of earning a living and getting ahead in the world; except for medical concerns, they should have a lot to feel good about. They have experienced and enjoyed living, and many have worked hard to raise a family. TIME FLIES In the mellowness of maturity, they have time for the leisurely pursuit of their own interests. Older people-at least some--can savor the wisdom that comes with age and come to terms with their Maker. It is a time in which the elderly can take a broad view of life across the generations and feel a sense of comradeship with all humankind. If we fail to adapt well at this stage, then at the negative-attitude pole, life can be filled with disgust and despair. The elderly at this extreme are angry and contemptuous about all facets of life. Chronic disappointment contributes to this state of mind. Some, but not all, senior citizens are tipped toward the pole of despair by failing health and other disabilities. Many have medical problems that emerge after the wear and tear of time and prolonged exposure to health risks; about four out of five who are sixty-five and over have a chronic medical condition. Physical weakness and persistent disability are among the most serious issues for the aged population. A rather strong connection between mind and body in the aged has been neglected: "A sound mind in a sound body" is ancient wisdom that needs reemphasis for seniors. One of the most important ways in which the elderly can stay fit, physically and emotionally, is BILL COS BY through regular exercise. Though their reflexes may have slowed and their stamina diminished, older people can keep their muscles and bodily organs functioning well by participating in physical activities like walking, swimming, bicycling, and other sports; conversely, the lack of exercise contributes to feeling old and tired. It is important, however, for all of them, particularly those who are impaired, to use moderation and respect the limitations of their bodies. They may not be able to exercise quite as vigorously as they once did--old bones break more easily and do not heal as well as they did in youth-but sensible, careful activity is both possible and desirable for most of the elderly. By slowing down a bit, the older person can savor each activity, a luxury most of us don't have when we're younger. Researchers have also discovered that physical exercise reduces tension and improves function in the elderly, as it does in people of all ages. It is good prevention against the risks of depression and social withdrawal. Investigators further report that older people who remain active and exercise regularly perform better on tests of mental capacity. Senior citizens, in my opinion, must also have the opportunity to dance, sing, socialize, and just act silly on occasion. TIME FLIES Remaining sexually active is particularly important, for it provides good exercise as well as a strong, relaxing emotional release. Cosby jokes about his reduced libido when he discovers one gray pubic hair, but that problem is only in his headl Sexual energy may diminish in some people as they age, but the elderly should not succumb to that other great myth: that they are "over the hill" sexually. There is overwhelming evidence to suggest that the capacity for sexual performance and satisfaction exists well into the nineties. The chief causes of decreased sexual activity among senior citizens are physical disability, lack of interest, and, ironically, embarrassment that they are still interested. You can't always control physical limitations, but you can often control interest. Elderly men should not abstain from sex because of inhibiting stereotypes about "dirty old men." Elderly women who maintain strong sexual interests are also considered "odd." Their lives would surely be healthier if there were more "sexy senior citizens" around. Part of any sexual enhancement and physical fitness program for the elderly should include good nutrition. Overweight, for example, speeds up any physical and sexual decline that accompanies aging. It also predisposes those of advanced years to be at BILL COS BY high risk for diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and other disabilities. Poor nutrition and lack of essential vitamins and minerals can increase the odds of disease in bones, muscle, skin, internal organs, and even the brain. Preparation for a healthy life during the vintage years should start when we are young. The early adoption of eating habits and regimens that support good health keeps us functioning well and longer into old age. Cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption, and the abuse of drugs, added to poor nutrition and lack of exercise, will make us look old far before our time. People who smoke, for instance, wrinkle more quickly. Those who overexpose themselves to the sun when they are young not only wrinkle faster, but increase their risk of skin cancer. Chronic stress and frustration will combine synergistically with all the other harmful activities to bring on premature aging. Parents should begin early, through instruction and example, to prepare their youngsters for middle and old age by establishing healthy patterns that will serve them well in later LIFE. They will then have less cause to restructure their habits in mid-life and beyond-the difficult process of re behaving that Cosby humorously describes. TIME FLIES We can age more gracefully, but growing old is certainly not all bliss; aging eventually catches up with us. After age eighty-five, most of us will be restricted to some degree. Society can help by providing the necessary support services for the disabled elderly, namely, care by relatives, home care, supportive retirement communities, transportation access, and nursing homes. We must also try to lessen the burdens of poverty and expensive health care that increase the chances of severe stress and disability. Social Security and Medicare may have to expand their coverage to provide income and health insurance for the elderly, particularly those stricken with long-term and catastrophic illnesses. When the time comes, older people should also have a right to die in a dignified fashion, without the needless prolongation of their lives by high-tech medical devices. The legal and ethical issues involved in unnecessarily maintaining the "living dead" are being debated by physicians, lawyers, clergy, and the elderly themselves. As ever-increasing numbers of our population live longer, new attitudes and new discoveries have enabled society to take some of the "monster factor" out of aging. Perhaps Cosby and other middle-aged people will be able to look back one day and wonder, BILL COS BY "Why did I have all those anxieties when the early signs of aging crept up on me?" One of the important messages Cosby conveys in this book is that the essential ingredients for a fulfilling life are the same for young and old. Older people need not undergo a prescribed disengagement from life. Love, friendship, a feeling of connectedness with others, and a sense of humor remain critical to our sense of well-being. As time goes by, we should not forget the redemptive power of smiling, laughing, and hugging. Sooner or later, we will all get there-I hope in the right state of mind. But now let's go on to Time Flies. Preface VMERE TO, OLD COS I recently turned fifty, which is young for a tree, mid life for an elephant, and ancient for a quarter-miler, whose son now says, "Dad, I just can't run the quarter with you anymore unless I bring something to read." Fifty is a nice number for the states in the Union or for a national speed limit, but it is not a number that I was prepared to have hung on me. Fifty is supposed to be my fiaher's age, but now Bill Cosby, junior, is stuck with these elevated digits and everything they mean. A few days ago, a friend tried to cheer me up by saying, "Fifty is what forty used to be." He had made an inspirational point; and while I ponder it, my forty-year-old knees are suggesting I sit down and my forty-year-old eyes are looking for their glasses, whose location has been forgotten by my forty-year-old mind. TIME FLIES Am I over the hill? They keep telling me that the hill has been moved, that people are younger than ever. And I keep telling them that the high-jump bar has dropped from the six feet five I once easily cleared to the four feet nothing that is a Berlin wall for me now. It is not a pretty sight to see a man jumping a tennis net and going down like something snagged by a lobster fisherman. "You're not getting older, you're getting better," says Dr. Joyce Brothers. This, however, is the kind of doctor who inspires a second opinion. And so, as I approach the day when my tennis court jumping will be over the balls (or maybe the lines), I am moved to share some thoughts on aging with you, in case you happen to be getting older too. I am moved to reveal how aging feels to me-physically, mentally, and emotionally. Getting older, of course, is a distinctly better change than the one that brings you eulogies. In fact, a poet named Robert Browning considered it the best change of all: Grow old along with me! The best is yet to be. On the days when I need aspirin to get out of bed, Browning is clearly a minor poet; but he was an BILL COS BY optimist and there is always comfort in his lines, no matter how much you ache. Whether or not Browning was right, most of my first fifty years have been golden ones. I have been an exceedingly lucky man, so I will settle for what is ahead being as good as what has gone by. I find myself moving toward what is ahead with a curious blend of both fighting and accepting the aging of Cosby, hoping that the philosopher was right when he said, "Old is always fifteen years from now." Turning fifty has not bothered me, but people keep saying it should have, for fifty is one of those milestone ages that end in zero. Of course, in America every age ending in zero is considered a milestone age. Fifty is called The Big Five-O, but Forty is The Big Four-0 and Thirty is The Big Three-O. A few months ago, my youngest daughter hit The Big One-0 and she wasn't happy about it. "I wish there were more single figures," she said. Although reaching this half-century mark has not traumatized me, it has left me with disbelief about the flight of time. It seems that only yesterday I was fifteen and old people were people of forty, who were always going someplace to sit down. And now I am doing the sitting; and now my wife is telling me, TIME FLIES "You sit too much. You should get up and do something." "Okay," I say, "let's have some sex." "Just sit there." When I was eight, an uncle said, "Bill, how long would you like to live?" "A hundred million years," I replied. "That's a ripe old age. I wonder what you'll look like at a hundred million." "Oh, I'll just be me," I said. Now, however, considerably short of the hundred-million mark, I am having to learn to accept a new me, one who has to drink skim milk, which looks like the wash for a paintbrush; one whose stomach refuses to process another jalapefio pepper; and one for whom a lobster is crustacean cyanide. "If you want a lobster," my doctor says, "Just eat the shell. " Have I also become just the shell? Well, in one or two places, the meat is missing. For example, I am now a man with the ability to dial a telephone number and, while the phone is ringing, forget whom he is calling. just yesterday, I made such a blind call and a person answered with a voice I did not know. Like a burglar doing research, I quickly hung up, and then I thought about age. BILL COS BY Wiser men than I have thought about age and have never figured out anything to do except say, "Happy birthday." What, after all, is old? To a child of seven, ten is old; and to a child of ten, twenty-five is middle-aged and fifty is an archaeological exhibit. And to me, a man of seventy is ... what I want to be, weighing 195, playing tennis with convalescents, and hearing well enough to hear one of my grandchildren sweetly say, "Grandpa, was "The Cosby Show' anything like "I Love Lucy'?" FROM TEMPLE TO TIRE RACK If a Body Lose a Body In the beginning, Temple was not just my college but a description of my body as well. And I was not just any temple but the Temple of Karnak. Like most young men, I was a perpetual motion machine. I would start playing basketball at eight o'clock in the morning, stop for lunch of a cupcake and Coke, play touch football all afternoon (on an asphalt field that makes AstroTurf seem like eiderdown), have a couple of steaks and a quart or two of milk for dinner, and then wonder if I could shake off the day's lethargy and find a pickup triathlon for the evening. In those years when I was immortal, I could eat a whole pizza on the run, never even pausing to taste it, and then my magnificent body would burn it as if it were merely cellophane. TIME FLIES "Chew your foodl" my mother would say. "Can't!" I would cry as if I'd just heard the starter's gun. "I don't have tim el "You've got to chew your food. Why do you have teeth?" "I don't know. Why?" No mother or malady could stop me. Had I pulled a muscle in my groin? No problem: it would heal in an hour or two. Meanwhile, I could play without it. Had I separated my shoulder? It made no difference. Only softies needed shoulders that were attached. I was physically such a splendid thing that one of my pastimes was pausing nude before mirrors-always in my own house, of course-to admire the 195 pounds of Super Cos. How I pitied all the men who weren't me, especially my father. Not only did he lack my flawless muscular definition, but he also had rolls of fat on both his sides that were known as "love handles," and he grunted whenever he sat down. He usually concealed these handles beneath a sport shirt that hung over his waist, but I knew they were there; and when I looked at him, I felt the grand arrogance of youth and I thought, Bhere is no way I will ever look like that I vowed that my only grunts would come when I crashed through for touchdowns, and I BILL COS BY vowed that my no-frills frame would never be adorned by love handles or any other utensils. Yes, when I was twenty-one, as Rank Sinatra likes to report, it was a very good year for full court games and quarter miles and 195 pounds of mozzarella-filled muscle. And even a few years later in that golden decade, when I was twenty-eight, the former Temple three-letter man was still high-jumping six feet five with the body that Michelangelo really had wanted when he'd had to settle for David. But when I was thirty ... One day just after my thirtieth birthday, I was playing basketball with some teenage boys, trying not to be patronizing while I taught them some of my moves. Suddenly, while I was fighting for position under the backboard, one of the boys went up high for the ball. For a moment, I accompanied him and then I returned to the launching pad. A little while later, he also came down and found me pondering a melancholy truth: if a man of thirty wants to go flying with a boy of sixteen, he had better do it on Pan Am. What had happened to the temple? It was being vandalized, and the vandal was time. One morning the following year, after I had spent the previous day jogging, I woke up and wondered who had come into my bed and put a knife in TIME FLIES my right thigh. There was, however, no pain in my left one: it was painlessly paralyzed. A few days later, when I felt healed, I went jogging again and the pain returned, this time a knife in my knee. With a burst of machismo, I ignored it and continued to run. What's the matter with you? said one of my legs. Didn't you hear us when we first spoke to you? The legs go first, so we want to take this opportunity to say good-bye. A couple of weeks after that, I felt an ache in my shoulder when I began to brush my hair. Of all the indignitiesl A three-letter man going on the injured fist during his toilette! A man who had laughed at losing his groin, a man who had dared his shoulder to separate, was being drawn into the world of hnimentsl Moreover, the hair that I was trying to find the strength to brush, one of the fundamentals of my manliness, was being rearranged in ways both funny and sad. Instead of growing hair on my head, I now was growing it in places where I didn't need it, like the top of my ear. A strand had sprouted there overnight and made me look like something in The Cat in the Hat As I helplessly watched my body turn from a BILL COS BY temple to a storefront church, I was filled with frustration and disgust. I was in a war. Was it a war I wanted? I had no choice: I had been the victim of a sneak attack by an enemy called aging, an enemy that was daring me to play a game of beat the clock. And so, I became a part-time athlete, desperately trying to recycle myself to a rough approximation of my former mint condition, desperately trying to keep my father's body from taking over mine. Sports that once had been effortless fun were now painful work as I tried to recapture vanishing skills and do what I once had done with such happy ease: to be as fast, as graceful, and as strong as I had been for my three varsities in 1956. Needless to say, the odds on my succeeding were almost as good as the odds on a bullfighter losing his ear to a bull. I did not want to turn to playing golf because golf is about as much exercise as shuffling cards. Instead, I became a tennis player and I got pretty good. In fact, I am now considered to be one of the best celebrity players. Of course, this is not a Wimbledon group. Mother Teresa is a celebrity too. TIME FLIES These jockeys Are Good in the Stretch During these twenty years of competing with time, I have been forced to witness many other signs of defeat deep in the hide of me, and on the top as well. It distresses me to report that, at the half, the score is: Time-37, Cosby-O. For the man of fifty, it is always third and long yardage, with a nearsighted quarterback. All the assorted parts of me used to be flat and hard; but in these twenty years of going downhill, I have seen the growth of a gut, the thickening of thighs, the emergence of flab, the receding of a hair fine and the coming forth of gas. And the most mortifying betrayal of me by my flesh has been one particular form of the flab: the growth of love handles, which are hated handles now that they've moved from my father to me. A man needs rungs on his side only if someone is going to climb him. Love handles are more than just depressing BILL COS BY breaks in a symmetry that women once joined me in admiring: they also destroy your lower abdominal chic because your jockey shorts no longer fit; and it is a point of pride for the American male to keep the same size jockey shorts for his entire life. He can lose his house in a crap game and his wife to the mailman, but his ego cannot tolerate an increase in his jockey short size; and so, you have a man with a brand-new 40-inch waist who is trying to get into size 36 jockey shorts, a man who is now wearing a combination of supporter and tourniquet. Proud men in their thirties and forties have gone to the brink of gangrene to maintain the interior fashion of their youth. And this proud man of fifty has been on the brink of embarrassment, too. One day last week, I went to a men's store and asked for three pairs of jockey shorts. "What size, sir?" said the clerk. "Thirty-four," I replied. "Would you like them gift wrapped?" he said. When I brought the jockey shorts home, I cleverly cut slits in the sides of each pair so that there would be a chance for blood to flow below my waist. Your pants are an even greater challenge once your stomach muscles have surrendered to fat because you cannot fake your belt size the way you can fake the size of your jockey shorts. If you're a 38 TIME FLIES waist, you might be able to fake the first hole of a 36 belt, but a 34 will circumnavigate you about as neatly as Columbus reached India. No matter what size belt is strangling you, there are times when it will disappear under a roll of dough. This roll has a texture that feels like a melting candle. You can grab it with your fingers and even look under it to see if anything besides your belt is hiding there-a deck of cards, perhaps, or an overdue library book. I wish that there were a way to take a shower and still keep on my clothes, for the sight of my naked body to me is like an X-rated film. to an archbishop. I look down and I can see it all, the rolling hills of fat, and the view moves me to pray: God, either give me longer arms or put my feet higher, perhaps at my knees, so I can take off my shoes without feeling as though I'm about to give birth. BILL COS BY Restoring the Navel Base I once had a lovely body and vestiges of it still exist. I know, for example, that I once had pectoral muscles because the two brown dots that marked their location still remain on my chest. The first twenty or thirty times that a middle-aged man beholds such a vestigial body, he decides that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, and breaking down is in there too. "It doesn't really look that bad," he says, an observation equivalent to the captain of the Titanic announcing, "We may be stopping near Newfoundland for a while." Living in this fantasy isn't easy for you because certain indications of your decline keep coming from other people, who look smilingly at your stomach and say such cute things as "Can you feel it kicking yet?" However, once you have passed through your stage of denial-your lunatic stage-then you are ready to say, "Well, okay, I admit it. Maybe I do have a certain amount of flab, sag, and bloat, but I can get TIME FLIES rid of it any time I want. I can exercise, I can diet, and there are wonderful new operations." Your diet right now, of course, is chocolate cake and self-deception: you have convinced yourself that it would not be hard to find your navel again. In fact, you do catch sight of it from time to time. While you are standing, it's the same fine circle that was part of your charm at the beach; but when you sit down, your geometry changes and the navel turns from a circle into a slit. In fact, the navel of a man of fifty belongs on Dracula because it hides from the light. It is also a tiny reservoir. One recent day, I got out of the shower, dried myself, and then accidentally knocked my toothbrush from the sink to the floor. When I bent down to pick it up, enough water came out of my navel to make a hydrangea bloom. The restoration of a navel base may be more important to a belly dancer than to you, but such restoration is a symbolic part of your war on fat. After years of telling yourself that you don't really look that bad, the day i~ally arrives when you have to admit that the emperor has no clothes and parts of him look like the empress. And you also have to admit that the mound in your stomach that forms after a meal is now taking longer to disappear; it may even take years. BILL COS BY Moreover, as your size increases, your energy is going down. Like Noel Coward's mad Englishman, I used to play three sets of tennis that began at high noon; but now one set of doubles at four is fine-or one lively game of bridge-because I have to get ready for the main event. I have to get ready for dinner. Because of my dedication to the main event, I was recently disheartened by a story that my ten year-old daughter told me. Her teacher had somehow managed to inform the class that the only thing in an adult that keeps on growing is the nose; but the problem is that I have been doing no exercises for the nos cpt, of course, inhaling new dinners. "You know, Daddy, the teacher was wrong," my daughter then said. "In what way, dear?" I asked her. "Well, the stomach also grows. At least yours does." TIME FLIES Can You Dig It? Whenever I see a picture of myself at twenty-three, I know that beneath all this superfluous flesh, there has got to be a body somewhere. And so, I have become an archaeologist digging in the ruins of myself, in the junkyard beneath my spare tire, to find the pure body below. I know that such archaeology cannot restore my hair or my old eyesight, and it cannot get me a new Achilles tendon or a new pair of lungs. All it can do is let me be reconciled with my old suits. From time to time, I go into my closet and poignantly address what is hanging there. "Suits," I say, "don't go anywhere. I'm coming back." Once in a while, I do return; and, by happy coincidence, by the time that I do, the suit is back in style. The man who is striving for a reconciliation with his old suits will be wise to pick only certain moments to look at himself. For example, he should not look at himself immediately after dinner because the food is BILL COS BY still there and the spare tire is inflated to maximum pressure. The ideal time to look at yourself is first thing in the morning, when you are not ftffly awake. Shake a Leg One of the compensations of getting older (and so far, I've thought of only one) is that the medicine ball in your stomach forces you to replace the athletic skills you have lost with interesting new ones. For example, you learn the challenging gymnastic arts of putting on your socks and tying your shoes. Sock putting on and shoe tying are not yet AAU events, of course, but at times they are harder for me than it was to clear a high-jump bar at six feet seven. When a man with an excess of mid sectional bloat bends to tie his shoe, his reach is not only obstructed but he may even cut off his wind and find the blood rushing to his head. It is a dangerous part of getting dressed. "Why is Daddy taking a nap on the floor?" your son says to your wife. TIME FLIES "Oh, he's not taking a nap," she replies. "He passed out." "from drinking something?" "No, he was trying to tie his shoe and that's not easy for a man of his age. He really should go to spring training before he tries it." "I've got a good idea, Mommyl "What's that?" "Let's fix it so Daddy doesn't have to wear shoes and then he'll be conscious much more." "You mean move to the beach so he can go barefoot all the time?" "No, let's get him some slipper socks." "A nice thought, honey, but he can't put those on either." This mother has obviously seen me in the morning. There have been times when I was so out of shape that I could have used the help of a small boy in putting on my socks. Without such a boy, I was able to put on my socks only by picking up each leg with both hands and then putting my heel on a chair. Without such a boy or a chair, a man of my age who puts on a sock is participating in an event that requires split-second timing. As the Fernando Valenzuela of sock putting on, let me tell you how I do it. I raise my leg as high as I can; and then, for the BILL COS BY second or two that my foot is quivering at its peak, I quickly bring the sock down over my toes. When my foot hits the floor, I finish pulling up the sock. It is clear to me why "Miami Vice" has been so popular with men. Because millions of them watch it and dream of never again wearing socks. Still another bit of sartorial aerobics for the middle-aged man is buttoning a dress shirt all the way up to the top before tying a tie. Because your neck has grown to keep pace with the rest of you, your top button prefers not to make the trip all the way to the buttonhole. In fact, the button below it is tight enough--and sometimes the one below that. What you need are dress shirts with zippers. In your gritty effort to close the top button, you first lift your chin and then you begin to turn and bob your head. What you now are involved in is an original way to commit suicide because you are choking yourself as you get the top button halfway into the hole, you feel you can't breathe and your face might explode. You wonder if the Heimlich maneuver has ever been used for a man getting dressed. Six or seven times, you bring the button to the hole and manage to get it halfway in while making little gurgling sounds, as if you are gargling without water. TIME FLIES Eventually, of course, your acrobatics end because the button snaps. It is precisely what your mind was just about to do. There is, of course, one other way for a man with a size 17 neck to fit into a 151/2 collar: with the help of one of his children. Sometimes, when I'm not in the mood for a long lonely struggle to squeeze into my shirt, I call one of my daughters and ask her to strangle me so I can close the button. She grabs the skin of my neck and pulls it tight, I button the button, and then she lets go and my neck expands. I now cannot swallow and have to take all my meals intravenously; and if the button ever snaps, it might kill a passerby; but I am a 151/2 again. After all, clothes make the man, even if the man is turning blue. I've Got You Over My Skin Some of the skin not far from what my daughter jams into my collar has lately started to develop little black dots. BILL COS BY "Look at this thing that just popped out," I said to my wife last night as I pointed to one of them. "What do you think it is?" "A rerun of adolescence," she said, not wanting to tell me the truth: that it was age. "You've been eating too much junk food. Underneath that skin of yours are ten thousand Twinkies." How sweet of her to comfort me with the thought of fifty-year-old zits. "You know, at your age," she often says, "you should get your food from a health food store." Because of this suggestion, I have made a few trips to health food stores, but I have always left empty-handed, not because of any defect in the supplies but in the customers. Did you ever see the people who shop in those places? They are pale, skinny people who shuffle around. They may live forever, but they look half dead. In a steak house, however, you see robust, ruddy people. They are dying, of course, but they look terrific. Although I just can't take the plunge into bean sprouts or alfalfa, one day I did put a few carrot sticks and celery stalks into a bag and I took a healthful walk in the park. After a while, I sat down on a bench beside an old man, who was both smoking and eating TIME FLIES a chocolate bar, two serious violations of a longevity diet. " Do you mind my asking how old you are?" I said. Ninety-two," he replied. "Well, if you smoke and eat that stuff, you're gonna die." He took a hard look at my carrots and celery, and then he said, "You're dead already. " THAT MAGICIAN, YOUR MIND The Case of the Living Case )f It might have been lucky if your mind had snapped while you were trying to button your shirt because then you would have been taken away to a place where you would have worn mostly bathrobes and pajamas. Moreover, when the mind of a middle-aged man is AM in one working piece, it is in excellent shape to torture him. Mine has tortured me creatively. It has, in fact, given new meaning to the word "being in a fog." When you reach my age, the fog makes your head seem like London at dawn. For example, one morning you start the old routine of packing your attache case before leaving for work. On this particular morning, however, you also have two shirts that TIME FLIES are going to the cleaner and a can of insect spray in case you're attacked by killer bees. And so, you pick up the fully packed attache case, the two shirts, and the insect spray; and there you stand, a well-organized man of mature years, who is ready to meet the day. But not this day, for suddenly you remember that you have forgotten to put something into the case: the smudge pot you always like to have handy in case you run into a friend with frozen orange trees. So you open the case, put the smudge pot inside, and close it; and then you pick up the two shirts, the insect spray, and the case--and you look down to discover that something that was inside the case is now outside. a letter from the Internal Revenue Service inviting you to the upcoming auction of your house. Now you open the case again, put the letter back inside, and close it. You pick up the shirts and the insect spray and then you discover that your new Whiffle ball, which had been inside the case, is slowly rolling across the floor. You are the owner of an attache case that belongs in a Stephen King movie. You do not, of course, need a piece of leather to destroy your mind because at your current age your mind BILL COS BY can nicely self-destruct. Nonetheless, here is a case that somehow has been repacking itself. After putting the Whiffle ball back, you decide to get a drink of orange juice. What you really need is a drink of grain alcohol, but you take the orange juice because you want to keep a clear head in your battle with your possessions. And so, you go to the refrigerator and pour out a glass of juice. While drinking it, you hope that the vitamins will go directly to your brain. Then you pick up the case, pick up the two shirts, and are on your way back to the front door when your refreshed brain says, "Just a minute, pal. What did you do with the insect spray?" With growing despair, you begin a hunt for it. There is no point, of course, in also hunting for your mind: it is permanently lost. After a while, you drift back upstairs and are about to start the day again when your eye happens to fall on your desk, where is sitting the can of insect spray. How did it get all the way up there? Why does the salmon swim upstream? Why is there a law against removing a mattress tag? Why do children always wait to ask you questions until you're on the phone? Why are the Atlanta Braves in the Western Division? Some cosmic questions can never be answered. TIME FLIES And now, ostensibly in control once again, you go back downstairs, pick up the attache case, and cannot find the shirts. The reason you cannot find them is that you left them at the front door on your way back upstairs to look for the insect spray; but you cannot remember this right now because you have entered a period in which you cannot remember your name without looking in your wallet. At this point, you decide it is getting late-both in the morning and in your life-and you will find the shirts tomorrow; so you go back to the front door, where the shirts are waiting for you, still neatly buttoned up. You, on the other hand, are not wrapped too tight. One more time, you pick up the shirts, the attache case, and then softly say to whatever puckish powers run the universe, "Now what the hell did I do with the insect spray?" You're losing it, old boy, says your mind. "You mean the insect spray?" you reply. No, much more than that. -Nonsense; I'm just tired." Really? Then where is the spray? "In the attachC- case." Okay, look says your mind. "I don't have to look; I know it's there," you BILL COS BY reply, continuing to talk to yourself without moving your lips. You're afraid to look. "No, I'm not." And you open the case, try not to look inside, and you find the spray nestled mockingly there. You now decide to stop thinking about what you are carrying and go to work at once, hoping that you will not arrive at the office in your jockey shorts. Wait a minute .. . Did you remember to put them on? And did you also remember that when you were young, you never dreamed that anything like this could happen to you? A young man has absolutely no notion that life will one day turn him into one of the Three Stooges. When I was fifteen and arrogant-a redundancy, of course-I once heard some really old people in their forties telling each other how their minds were playing tricks on them. What stupid people, I thought. How can your mind play a trick on you? It's right there inside your skull. How can it whisper so you can't hear it? But now I know only too well that the mind of a man my age is a magician who could play Radio City. TIME FLIES Through a Glass Darkly I wear glasses, primarily so I can look for the things that I keep losing. One day, however, I did something I do not usually do: I pushed the glasses up to the top of my head when I began to read a magazine because I do not need them for reading. A few minutes later, I put the magazine down, walked out of the office in my house, and went to the kitchen for a glass of lemonade. When I returned to the office, my children were circling my desk like vultures around a dying zebra. "I would like all of you to please leave Daddy's stuff alone," I told them. "Don't mind us, Daddy," said my little one. "We're just playing." "And this is the one place I don't want you to play." "What's this, Daddy?" she said, picking up a script she was planning to shred. "Your next fifty meals," I replied. "Now go out60 BILL COS BY side and bother your mother. That's what mothers are for." After they had left, I went back to my reading; but a few minutes later, I decided that I wanted to go to town for some shopping; and so, I put on my jacket, and I also wanted to put on my glasses to drive because part of safe driving is being able to see the other cars. But where were my glasses? I began to look around my desk, both in and under things, wondering where my glasses had gone to hide. I checked my cigar humidor and I even checked the big box containing all the things I never use and cannot throw away. The reason I cannot throw them away is simple: some day a friend may call and say, "Do you happen to have any dried-up felt markers? I can't seem to find any in the stores. And do you also happen to have a two-inch pencil with the eraser chewed off? It's my favorite kind. With a blend of determination and dismay, I now got up and started to walk around the office. I looked like a man who was hunting for Easter eggs. This does it, I finally thought. There's no question about it. the kids have definitely taken my glasses. Maybe they need them for the school play. Or maybe they think I'm handsomer without them. TIME FLIES I did not, however, want to go right in and yell at the kids because such anger in the past had usually triggered the reply, "Of course you can't find something. You always leave your stuff lying all over the place. The other day there was a can of insect spray in the fridge. It had to be yours." "If people would just leave my stuff where I put it," I always say with partial conviction. I am just like any typical nuclear physicist. My office may look messy, but I know where every atom is. After brooding about the situation for another few minutes, I suddenly decided that the culprit was not one of my children but my wife, who had moved my glasses to a place in our home where they made a better blend with the color scheme. However, greater than my anger at my wife was my desire to do my shopping in town; and so, in one last desperate effort, I searched the living room, the dining room, the kitchen, and even the fuse box. At last, I went upstairs and searched the bedroom, after which I decided to go into the bathroom for five or ten aspirin. As I entered the bathroom, I caught sight of myself in the mirror; and I also caught sight of something on top of my head: my glasses. BILL COS BY They had been resting all this time on the great empty spaces there. Aree for the Show Those glasses were trifocals, which were invented by Benjamin Franklin, who should have stuck to inventing things like electricity and the United States. Trifocals are given to many people my age who need three different fields of vision. "These will be perfect for you, Mr. Cosby," said my ophthalmologist when he fitted me for my first pair. "In the top band of the glasses, you can see things far away. In the middle band, you can see things about fifty yards away. And in the bottom one, you can read your medicine." In spite of the brilliance of Benjamin Franklin and your ophthalmologist, your first pair of trifocals can turn a simple stroll down the street into the asphalt equivalent of a trip up Mount Everest. The adventure begins when you go for the knob of the door of the room you are trying to leave. You TIME FLIES have left thousands of rooms before, so this particular departure should not be difficult. All you have to do is figure out how far away the doorknob is. In one lens of your glasses, it's two hundred feet; in another lens, it's on top of you; and in the third lens, it's missing. In the spirit of Magellan, you decide to determine the distance by a kind of ophthalmological navigation: you take the average of the two distances and conclude that the doorknob is one hundred feet away, give or take fifty feet. Unfortunately, the chart in your eye doctor's office was full of useless things like letters instead of doorknobs and elevator buttons. Yes, elevator buttons. Approaching the elevator, you again have your choice of three lenses and three distances. Is the button thirty yards away, forty feet, or almost behind you? With one chance in three of being right, you quickly take your shot and you lose by jamn-thing your index finger. You finally start to understand why people in their seventies and eighties who wear trifocals walk the way they do: with tiny steps. The problem is not in their legs. They simply do not want to walk off the edge of the cliff. Many people my age, of course, do not want all the confusion that trifocals bring and prefer instead to go through LIFE using three different pairs of glasses: one pair for reading, one pair for middle dis BILL COS BY tance, and one pair for lunar eclipses. The flaw in this system, however, is that occasionally someone enters a room while you are between glasses and you are caught with your naked eyes. You are frozen in a moment when you are unable to put on a pair of your glasses, primarily because you don't know where they are; and so, you have to play an increasingly popular American game called Who the Hell Is That? "Hi .. . George," you tentatively say, taking an educated guess that what you are seeing is not a woman. And when a female voice replies, "Hi, Bill," you have new insight into the meaning of middle age. While coping with middle age, at least I have the comfort of knowing that I will never have to cope with senility. "Don't worry about senility," my grandfather used to say. "When it hits you, you won't know it." And he was right. He lived to be ninety-eight years old, thinking for the last fifteen of them that he was Frederick Douglass. TIME FLIES Sights for Sore Eyes The indoor adventures that trifocals lead you into are scary enough, but going outside with them adds new dimension to the terror. The first time I went outside with my new trifocals, I took a three-mile walk through the lobby of my ophthalmologist's building, climbed a five-foot curb, and then met an autograph seeker who happened to be a giant eye. "Mr. Cosby, could I have your autograph for my daughter?" said the eye. "Yes, yesl" I replied. "Just don't eat me!" After signing my name, I staggered on, expecting to encounter a sea monster at the traffic light; but instead, an enormous eyebrow came over and said, "Are you all right?" "Would you please take me to a phone?" I told the eyebrow. "I want to call my wife." When I reached the phone, I dug out some change and spent a few minutes trying to find the hole for it. Luckily I had enough change for the three BILL COS BY wrong numbers I reached before I finally reached my own. "Dear," I said to my wife, "this may be the last time you ever hear my voice, unless you come and get me before I'm run over. These trifocals are about to get me killed." "You idiot," she tenderly said. "Take off the glasses and come home." Memory Is Made of Ais The poet T. S. Eliot said: April is the cruel lest month ... Mixing memory and desire. Well, what I desire is my old memory, and not just in April; I forget messages in October, phone numbers in March, and assorted appointments in July. I do, of course, remember certain things. I remember my anniversary because it celebrates the happiest association of my life, an association with the person who knows how to save me from an inter TIME FLIES section; and I remember my wife's birthday because she announces it well in advance and momentously, the way astronomers announce Halley's Comet. However, in a few dozen other endeavors, my memory can hardly be used as proof of man's evolution from the chimpanzees. Short-term memory is particularly challenging. These days, whenever I come into a room, I need all my skill as a performer to pretend I remember why I came. "Retrace your steps and it'll come to you," one of my children will say, for you can never fool your own children. "Retrace them to where?" I reply. Certain connections just seem to be beyond me at this age. For example, if someone calls me on the telephone and says, "Can you meet me at the Seven Eleven at eight?" I show up at the Five-and-Ten at nine. I used to be brilliant at remembering telephone numbers: I carried in my head more than fifty of them, complete with area codes, and some were even overseas. In those days, if you had said to me, "Bill, do you happen to know the number of the Yokohama Holiday Inn?" I would have given it to you at once, and I might even have thrown in the address BILL COS BY and zip code. But today my mind is functioning in a different gear; in fact, it's not really a gear, it's neutral. The telephone rings at our house and I pick up the receiver and say, "Hello." That much I still remember. "Hello," a girl says, "is Erika there?" "No, she isn't," I reply, still. on top of things. "Well, when she comes in, will you please tell. her that Lori called?" "I certainly will." Lori's request is a simple one; a child of four can do it. And I should get a child of four because this man of fifty is not equal to the job. But what a proud airhead I aml Someone will. call on the phone and give me an important piece of information that must be preserved. Instead of writing it down, I decide to keep it in my head, perhaps because of all the room for it there. "Write it down," says my wife. Oh, you don't have to write it down, my ego tells me. You can remember that. "Remember what?" I reply. Do not, however, think that I am incapable of growth. After having forgotten an impressive num TIME FLIES her of messages, I finally started to write things down. Okay, said my ego, we're giving in a bit But if we have to write things down, we certainly don't have to write them down in longhand. We can use a code, just like a doctor. And so, I began to write my reminders in code. For example: Tell E that L called The only problem was that when I tried to read the messages back, I needed some help from the CIA. Who was E? Who was L? Perhaps this message meant: Tell Ennis that Linus called Or perhaps: Tell Ennis that London called Or perhaps: Tell the Extraterrestrials that London called Not only did I have trouble breaking the code, but sometimes I didn't recognize the handwriting. Who, I wondered, had become my pen pal? BILL COS BY As another part of this unintelligible correspondence with myself, I also keep a pad by the side of my bed for writing down great thoughts at night without having to turn on the light. In the morning, these great thoughts sound like excerpts from the Dead Sea Scrolls. The other day, for example, I awoke to read: Brans der grimble dbl wing & wang Was this my solution to the mystery of life? Or a reminder to pick up cottage cheese? I Wonder as I Wander People above a certain age should not be allowed to have two cars unless they are identical because these people often have trouble remembering which car they happen to have brought with them. There are few moments in LIFE more damaging to your self esteem than to leave a football game, a supermarket, or a mall and forget not only where you left your car TIME FLIES but where you left your mind because you cannot remember which car it was. And so, you start to wander around in the wilderness, trying to conceal that you are looking for a car whose make has become foreign to you; it's on the tip of your mind, that pointy little place. just as in look. g for your glasses, you have to conceal that you are looking for something you handle every day; and a car of course, is generally harder to misplace than glasses, especially a four-door. When you parked the car, you had said to your d, "Okay, now take this down: we're a blue Valiant parked in A2." And your mind had replied, Got it. Have fun shopping. So off you went, even walking backward part of the way to remember exactly how your car looked and exactly where it was. For the next few minutes or hours, you keep interrupting your shopping to reassure yourself that nothing is simpler to remember than A2 blue Valiant. You even make up a little poem to fix the picture in your mind: Roses are red, My Valiant is blue. BILL COS BY An Al car In row A2. When you leave the mall, however, you find that this verse has taken wings and in its place is a less winged one: Roses are red, My car must be near. Am I insured For losing it here? People like me need a cute little yellow sign in the back window of their cars: NOBODY ON BOARD The Face Is Familiar That magician, my mind, can do another trick as impressive as losing my car: it can suddenly erase the name of a person that I not only know well but also TIME FLIES happen to be looking at. I still cannot understand how I manage to do this trick, but I am capable of forgetting the name of someone I have known for years-for example, my wife. I will walk up to a group of people who have never met Camille, proudly put my arm around her, and say, "This is my wife ... my wife .. ." And she will have to fill in the blank. Of course, the blank that cannot be filled is the one she married. Even rehearsing her name doesn't help me. When I approach a group of people, my brain says, Don'tforget the name of your wife. And I reply, "Now how could I forget what'sher-name?" But my wife should never laugh at me for my journeys into the fog. She is younger than I am, but she is already in training to be middle-aged: she is starting to have moments of wondering if she has put the right letter inside an envelope she has just sealed; and once a person starts wondering what she has put into an envelope just a moment before, it is only a short step to wondering if her return address is correct. Losing track of the inside of an envelope is one thing, and losing track of your car is another, but at my age it is also possible to lose track of your house. It BILL COS BY happens like this: you are talking on the phone to a person you haven't seen for years and you are describing the appeal of your house. "It's a wonderful place," you say. "You really should come and see it." "I'd love to," the other person says. "N'at's your address?" And you reply, "Five sixty-one North Twentyfirst Street," which is a lovely address but does not happen to be yours. You have given your old address, where you haven't lived for seven years. Your mind, like a French post office, now has trouble forwarding things. Because of this condition, I am always sure to carry my wallet; and then, when a person requests my address, I can say, "Just a minute; it's right here on my license." My name is there too, in case I am having a particularly bad day. TIME FLIES A Room with a View of the Funny Farm Although I like to work out on a track, I cover just as much ground inside my own house because, as I have confessed, I am constantly walking into a room, forgetting why I made the trip, and then trying to jog my memory by retracing my steps. Of all my shortterm memory lapses, this one and forgetting my parking place are the two that at least can lead to some good because they lead to exercise. With an object I need in mind, I take a short walk to a nearby room; but when I enter the room, I have forgotten what I came for. My body, however, still senses there must have been a point in making this trip. We're here, says my body. Pick it up. Pick up what? replies my mind. As I begin to circle the room with big blank eyes, my mind stops talking to my body and addresses what's left of me, which isn't much. BILL COS BY You need a break, says my mind. Stop circling the room and take a lap around the house. "No," I reply. "Before I take a lap, I'll stay in the room and look around. Maybe I'll find what I came in for. Face it, old boy, says my mind. You're starting to lose it. "Lose what? Is there something else I should be looking for?" Eventually, I remember why I came, but only after returning to the other room and sitting down. I remember because the thought that left my mind went and hid in my behind and sitting down has jogged it loose. You can save yourself a lot of this traveling if you simply slap yourself on the behind whenever you start circling in search of a phantom pickup. Do not, of course, let your children see you dislodging the thought this way. They already suspect that certain things in you are rolling around loose. TIME FLIES Atten-shun! All the failures of memory that can plague you, such as losing your car at a mall or losing your glasses on your forehead or losing the reason you entered a room, are minor when compared to the most embarrassing trick your mind can play: forgetting what you have been talking about. After scientists find a cure for the common cold, they will have to move on to a greater medical challenge: why a man my age clearly remembers events of thirty years ago but not what he said in the last thirty seconds. It is perhaps the most demoralizing moment that a middle-aged man can know, even worse than learning that his twenty six-year-old son is about to move back into the house or that his high school sweetheart has applied for membership in the Gray Panthers. The moment happens to you like this. You and another friend in his fifties are sitting together, perhaps at a party where none of the younger people will talk to you because you still read books, or per BILL COS BY haps in the waiting room of a doctor who specializes in the treatment of people who have begun to click. You have started talking to this man about a subject in which you always have been deeply interested: the history of hot chocolate. You can see that your friend is listening with attention as you spellbindingly reveal how the ancient South Americans invented hot chocolate for an apres-sacrifice: they would toss a fellow tribesman into a volcano and then relax with a nice hot cup. Not only are you being fascinating, but you are also building to a major medical point: that hot chocolate is the safest drug and should be given to babies before they develop a yen for something else. And so, you are merrily spinning these unforgettable thoughts, while your friend is responding with continuous support: "Oh yes, Bill, absolutely .. . A point well taken and I'm taking it well You've a winged tongue there, man ... For sure, Bill, for sure .. ." But suddenly another person approaches you and says, "Would either of you gentlemen like some coffee?" "No, thank you," you reply. "No coffee for me," says your friend. "Some tea or prune juice, perhaps?" "No, thanks." "None for me." "Perhaps a mint or a Tootsie Roll?" "No, nothing, thanks." "Right, nothing for me either." And then you speak the chilling words: "Now where was I?" You are trying to return to your train of thought and discover that you can't even find the station. And neither can your friend, who has been listening with such attention. I have helplessly watched my mind shift into neutral on both sides of this grand embarrassment: as both the derailed storyteller and the lost listener. If you're the listener, you say to yourself He must think I haven't been listening, but I really have. I love stories about .. . about ... about .. . whatever he was saying. And if you're the storyteller, your distress is even more painful because your thoughts had been organized and you had been building to a point. You know many pointless stories, but this did not happen to be one. And so, seized by a mental power failure, the storyteller doubles back desperately in his memory, but he still cannot find the train of thought, which is running on a holiday schedule. BILL COS BY This is the. general style of going blank one-on one If, however, the storyteller has been talking to more than one listener when he goes blank, then he has a chance to take a poll to reveal the subject he has been talking about. "Listen, folks," he says, hoping that he is still concealing his dismay, "I never like to repeat myself, so please tell me if any of you has heard this story I was telling about .. . about .. ." And hopefully he waits for someone to play Password with him. But no one is able to play. At last, his mounting frustration makes him shed his subtlety and he says with a casual air, "By the way, does anyone here happen to remember what the hell I was talking about?" "I'm afraid I don't," one listener will reply. "It happened too recently. But ask me about the night we put the donkey in the dean's office to celebrate Kennedy's election. Or ask me about the Battle of Gettysburg. Eighteen sixty-three is like yesterday to me." "I can't remember it either," another listener will say, "but it was certainly memorable." "Wait a minute now .. . it's coming to me," a TIME FLIES third will say. "Yes, here it comes. Chalk .. . chalk ... You were talking about the history of chalk. " The lesson for us middle-agers in this piteous tale is clear: we cannot start a monologue leading to any kind of punch line or point unless we are in an environment where no interruptions are possible. The good environments for storytelling, like the confessional, you can figure out for yourself, but even in the ideal environment, people with sometime memories like mine should still tell only the shortest possible stories. "Knock, knock," I said to my wife last night as we settled down to some sophisticated after-dinner talk. -Who's there?" she replied, and I quickly moved my story to its sparkling conclusion. If, however, my "Knock, knock" had been followed by a phone call from one of my children requesting money by Federal Express, the story would have been no easier to remember than my story of why those old South Americans got acne. No matter what the length of your discourse happens to be, it is wise to carry a pencil and pad; and then, when someone interrupts, you can say "Just a second" and write down exactly where you stopped. BILL COS BY Of course, some people need more than a pad. Some people need cue cards. The only good thing about the decline of my memory is that it has brought me closer to my mother, for she and I now forget everything at the same time. When I was younger, I used to look at my mother impatiently and think, Lord, can't she remember anything? But now that we go blank simultaneously, I look at her and think, Is she supposed to say "Knock, knock" or am I? COULD I HAVE A SECOND OP MON7 Hello, Sponge It is probably a good idea for a man in his middle years to get his annual physical from Dr. J because Dr. J would never tell him, "Things are getting spongy." This has become the favorite word of the American doctor in summing up the condition of a man my age. Whether he is referring to your prostate or your spine, "spongy" is what he calls it. You seem to be approaching the time when your entire body will be fit for mopping a floor. "At least my lungs, they're supposed to be spongy, right?" you say to the doctor with a quietly desperate look in your eyes. "No, your lungs are getting hard, he replies. "You're in what I like to call 'parts reversal': some of TIME FLIES the things that are supposed to be hard are getting soft and some of the things that are supposed to be soft are getting hard. Your head, however, is still both." "Doctor, is there anything I can do about the sponginess?" you ask. "I'm afraid not," he smilingly says. "What about the hardness?" "Absolutely nothing, so just don't give it another thought. You know the way the generator light on the dashboard of your car sometimes goes on and you ignore it?" "Yes." "Well, ignore this too." The doctor has been profoundly comforting with his generator analogy; you may as well get your next physical at a Texaco station. He does, of course, give you some advice. "You have to cut down," he tells you. "Cut down to what?" you say. "Are you eating food?" "Yes." "Well, cut down, especially the stuff that has taste. Stop eating salt, sugar, egg yolks, red meat, whole milk, and almost everything else. Try to build BILL COS BY your meals around parsley-but with no barbecue sauce, of course." "Is chicken okay?" you ask him. "Yes, but without the skin." "It doesn't look good that way." "Then close your eyes and add lemon juice." At this age, you find that lemon juice has become the all-purpose seasoning: you squeeze it over the fish you have cooked with no salt and the chicken you have cooked with no oil and the eggs you have cooked with no yolks. Eating egg whites, of course, is the gastronomic equivalent of the tree that falls in the forest with no one there to hear it. Not only do egg whites have no taste, but their validity as food is somewhere between celery and cellophane. Were it not for lemon juice, you might not even know when you were eating because tasteless ness has become the heart of your cuisine: you sit down to heaping plates of celery and radishes, of cauliflower and boiled beets, of broccoli and watercress. I dare any scientist to discover what celery tastes like. Not only does your mouth not water at the sight of celery, it dries up; and so, the lemon juice is needed as a lubricant, too. Eating such a meal is almost as much fun as dining intravenously. TIME FLIES Good-bye, Jack Armstrong "Eat your spinach and drink your milk." When I was a boy in Philadelphia in the innocent Forties, this was the mealtime litany chanted by millions of mothers, who passionately believed in learning nutrition from cartoons. Popeye, the world's most able-bodied seaman, sent cans of spinach directly to his arms; and Jack Armstrong, the All-American Boy, sent glasses of milk directly to his knuckles and teeth. Of course, Popeye had an IQ of twelve and Jack Armstrong was still in high school at twenty, but they were the world's healthiest nitwits. In the years that I was growing up, I began each day with a glass of milk, the perfect food, and a bowl of cereal that was covered by more of this perfection; and sometimes I also had bacon and eggs, the stuff of rural wholesomeness. For lunch (if I had time for it during my marathon of street play), I drank a whole quart of milk, sometimes so fast that I got a headache across one eye; and for dinner, I simply ate two steaks, which I didn't even bother to chew. BILL COS BY By feeding me like this, my mother had no doubt that I would live to one hundred and five, belting bullies all the way while also defending the flag. And then I learned about cholesterol. "Did I hear you say that you eat fried egg sandwiches?" my doctor asked me one day when I was in my forties. "With a pickle," I replied. "You'd be better off eating cyanide; it has less cholesterol." "But doctor, I still feel in pretty good shape. My body is still a temple." "No, it's not: it's Fat City." And so, from that moment on, whenever I had eggs, I ate only the whites. To compensate for the loss of the yolks, I quadrupled my intake of spinach-and it made me sick. Popeye is undoubtedly in a naval hospital right now, wondering why all our mothers tried to poison us. TIME FLIES Lead Us Not into McDonald's Unsure of what to put into my mouth besides a cigar, I now go wandering through the culinary minefields of America, trying to avoid the steps that might be lethal. You will pardon the mixed metaphor-at fifty, I cannot keep both my appointments and my metaphors straight-but these minefields are constantly calling to me: Come, clog your arteries at Wendy'sl Come, set up your bypass at Burger Kingl Come, get your Kentucky Fried triglyceridesl Come, meet your maker at Bar-B-Q1 The temptations are international, for the Chinese are also trying to turn off my circulation. Oh, for the days when MSG meant only Madison Square GardenI At times, of course, I cannot resist the call of the Chinese restaurant; but at such times, I have to turn away from everything succulent and say to the waiter, "Just bring me a menu from the Long March." BILL COS BY Even such a seemingly harmless dish as French toast has now become tasty Russian roulette. Because this game is too dangerous for me, I have to say to waiters, "I'd like an order of French toast, but hold the bread. And if you can figure out what French toast without the bread looks like, then don't use any eggs or milk in the batter, and no butter in the frying, please." What I want is a plate of maple syrup-from which the sugar has been removed. And I also want maple syrup on my lettuce, cauliflower, celery, parsley, and boiled beets so that I will be able to know when I am eating. I used to know when I was eating because I tasted the food going down, but those were the days before I learned that my arteries were approaching gridlock. Those were the days before I was told to switch from soft drinks to distilled water, as if I were not a person but a battery. And those were the days before I was constantly hungry, before I began to fear that my body would soon start feeding on itself and go for the reddest meat around: my heart. It is a constant strain on you to be eating like this. You find yourself picking up such things as a box of toasted Swedish thins, which make a sound in your teeth but cause no response in your stomach. No wonder so many Swedes are depressed. TIME FLIES I want potato chips with salt! says your mouth. I want potato chips with salt from the Dead Seal How dearly I would love them! But you also love life, so you settle for the leafy vegetables, which act as diuretics. There is, however, one compensation in this boring new diet of leafy diuretics: your urine is clearer than it ever has been. You were, of course, happier in the days when your head was clear and your urine wasn't, but a man of fifty has to accept his fog wherever it forms--and he has to look ahead with hope. My hope comes from seeing all the people in their seventies who are feasting on triglycerides. When I recently took an ocean cruise, I noticed that my mother, my in-laws, and many of their contemporaries ate no more than six times a day, and they did not eat parsley or sunflower seeds. And so, I look forward to surviving my sixties and then merrily returning to the food that poisoned Jack Armstrong. The first thing I'm going to do when I turn seventy is go to a restaurant like the one across the street from the Mayo Clinic, which is a feeder system for the Clinic. When I had my physical at Mayo, I dropped into this restaurant and discovered that it probably holds the original patent on cholesterol: everything in sight was covered with chocolate, sugar, BILL COS BY fat, or grease. They might as well have served you a plate of corks for your arteries. Well, that's where I'm going when I hit seventy and can return to deadly deliciousness. I'll take a seat at a table there and smilingly summon the waitress. "Miss," I'll say, "are your triglycerides fresh?" "Oh, they certainly are." "And does the chef have a good touch with fatty molecules?" "Oh, yes." "Excellent. Bring me a plate of bacon and egg yolks, with side orders of sausages and crullers. And fry it all in axle grease." Let's Make a Deal Until I reach these happy seventies, I will have to learn what I call re behaving which means resisting the temptation of food that waters instead of dries my mouth. I will have to walk past cheeseburgers, cheesecake, and hoagies the way that Ray Mil land walked past saloons in The Lost Weekend Of TIME FLIES course, I am losing more than just a weekend: I am losing good food for the next twenty years-about twenty-two thousand meals. It is wonderful training if you are planning to forget the shore next summer and take your vacation in a gulag. And so, I now yearn for just one pancake with a dab of butter, but I have to settle for bean sprouts, wheat germ, tofu, and other things almost as tasty as library paste. I wander like a lost soul past Burger King and Bar-B-Q, pathetically trying to negotiate with myself "Listen, I've been good for so long. Couldn't I have just one-" Do you want to live long enough to see your children leave the house? "But just one bagel with the egg whites at lunch. Have mercy! Those egg whites are so boring that I'm falling asleep. I'm liable to choke. " There's butter, salt, and sugar in that bagel. "I'll toast it and burn that stuff off." You'll toast the whole wheat bread for your cucumber sandwich. "If you let me have the bagel, I promise I'll do four extra laps on the track." You want them to find all that cholesterol in the autopsy? We want your autopsy to look good. BILL COS BY "Okay, forget the bagel. How about just one buttermilk pancake?" Buttermilk pancake? Those things are swallowed by spies who don't want to be captured alive! Because I am trying to re behave I occasionally spend a week drinking an herbal cocktail every night at bedtime. This particular brew is made by boiling water with assorted roots and herbs that look as though they have been harvested from the inside of a vacuum cleaner bag. And while it boils, its aroma drifts through the house, decreasing its value and moving my wife to look up the number of the Environmental Protection Agency. The purpose of this drink is to clean out my clogged arteries; but Drano would also work and it would certainly taste better. Women and Children Last Rom time to time these days, either my wife or one of my children will sweetly say to me, "We want to keep you around a long time." I do not mind this sentiment coming from a TIME FLIES creditor, but when it comes from a loved one, I feel a curious blend of depression, anger, and gratitude. I am happy that the members of my family are eager for me to become an antique, but why do they think that I will go first? just because I moan for a couple of days after playing anything livelier than pre-dinner doubles? After all, I am only at mid life; and if fifty is mid life, then I will five to be a hundred, when my quarter miles will be timed not with watches but with calendars. Although their saying "We want to keep you around a long time" does indicate that they love me, it also indicates that they are keeping themselves free for my memorial service. However, I need not be reminded by them about the way of all flesh. Like everyone else who makes the mistake of getting older, I begin each day with coffee and obituaries. I open the morning paper, turn to the obituary page, and nervously check out the ages of those who've checked out, hoping to discover that all of them were at least a hundred. I do not mind, of course, if a few of them were ninety-five; but when I find ages close to mine, I get a chill in my aching bones and I search for comfort in the cause of the death. What I don't want to find is a heart attack on a tennis court, in a French restaurant, or while attending a Temple reunion. 1 BILL COS BY want to find death from a firing squad or from an attack by soldier ants or from accidentally going over Niagara Falls. The Numbers Game In addition to telling me that they want to keep me around a long time, my children also like to cheer me up by saying, "You look good, Dad." Strangely enough, the older I get, the more often I look good; and therefore my handsomeness will reach its peak when they bury me. Precisely what do my children mean by telling me that I look good? Good compared to what? The people in intensive care? When she turned fifty, Gloria Steinem said, "This is what fifty looks like," so I simply look my age. I may have made a mistake in this book by giving my real age, but I couldn't help it: this is the most age-conscious nation in the world and I was just being a real American. In fact, a man of fifty is suddenly aware that no story written about Americans can TIME FLIES exist without those two little numbers following our names. And they follow our names for no reason; it would make more sense if those numbers were our IQs. For example: Sam Russell, 52, said today that he cannot balance either his checkbook or his mind. This is a typical line in an American newspaper; but the routine usage of Sam's age gives us no insight into the cause of his bewilderment. If, however, the numbers were his IQ, they would be more revealing: Sam Russell, 83, said today that he cannot balance either his checkbook or his mind. In spite of the wisdom of my suggestion, I'm afraid that we Americans will have a hard time stopping this unfortunate habit of always tacking our ages to our names. Even though journalists keep announcing the graying of America, ours is still a youth culture; and, like a golf tournament, we honor only low scores. Children cannot understand how some of us have allowed our scores to get so high.